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This work uniquely identifies and characterizes four prevalent multimodal model architectural patterns in the contemporary multimodal landscape.
Adaptive mixtures of local experts
Robert A Jacobs, Michael I Jordan, Steven J Nowlan, and Geoffrey E Hinton · 1991
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Covost 2 and massively multilingual speech-to-text translation
Changhan Wang, Anne Wu, and Juan Pino · 2007
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Kenlm: Faster and smaller language model queries
Kenneth Heafield · 2011
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Im2text: Describing images using 1 million captioned photographs
Vicente Ordonez, Girish Kulkarni, and Tamara Berg · 2011
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Learning factored representations in a deep mixture of experts
David Eigen, Marc’Aurelio Ranzato, and Ilya Sutskever · 2013
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Microsoft coco: Common objects in context
Tsung-Yi Lin, Michael Maire, Serge Belongie, James Hays, Pietro Perona, Deva Ramanan, Piotr Dollár, and C Lawrence Zitnick · 2014
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Referitgame: Referring to objects in photographs of natural scenes
Sahar Kazemzadeh, Vicente Ordonez, Mark Matten, and Tamara Berg · 2014
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Vqa: Visual question answering
Stanislaw Antol, Aishwarya Agrawal, Jiasen Lu, Margaret Mitchell, Dhruv Batra, C Lawrence Zitnick, and Devi Parikh · 2015
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Microsoft coco captions: Data collection and evaluation server
Xinlei Chen, Hao Fang, Tsung-Yi Lin, Ramakrishna Vedantam, Saurabh Gupta, Piotr Dollár, and C Lawrence Zitnick · 2015
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Deep visual-semantic alignments for generating image descriptions
Andrej Karpathy and Li Fei-Fei · 2015
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Flickr30k entities: Collecting region-to-phrase correspondences for richer image-to-sentence models
Bryan A Plummer, Liwei Wang, Chris M Cervantes, Juan C Caicedo, Julia Hockenmaier, and Svetlana Lazebnik · 2015
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Msr-vtt: A large video description dataset for bridging video and language
Jun Xu, Tao Mei, Ting Yao, and Yong Rui · 2016
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Visual7w: Grounded question answering in images
Yuke Zhu, Oliver Groth, Michael Bernstein, and Li Fei-Fei · 2016
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Generation and comprehension of unambiguous object descriptions
Junhua Mao, Jonathan Huang, Alexander Toshev, Oana Camburu, Alan L Yuille, and Kevin Murphy · 2016
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Multi30k: Multilingual english-german image descriptions
Desmond Elliott, Stella Frank, Khalil Sima’an, and Lucia Specia · 2016
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A diagram is worth a dozen images
Aniruddha Kembhavi, Mike Salvato, Eric Kolve, Minjoon Seo, Hannaneh Hajishirzi, and Ali Farhadi · 2016
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Attention is all you need
Ashish Vaswani, Noam Shazeer, Niki Parmar, Jakob Uszkoreit, Llion Jones, Aidan N Gomez, Łukasz Kaiser, and Illia Polosukhin · 2017
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Video question answering via gradually refined attention over appearance and motion
Dejing Xu, Zhou Zhao, Jun Xiao, Fei Wu, Hanwang Zhang, Xiangnan He, and Yueting Zhuang · 2017
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Visual dialog
Abhishek Das, Satwik Kottur, Khushi Gupta, Avi Singh, Deshraj Yadav, José MF Moura, Devi Parikh, and Dhruv Batra · 2017
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Making the v in vqa matter: Elevating the role of image understanding in visual question answering
Yash Goyal, Tejas Khot, Douglas Summers-Stay, Dhruv Batra, and Devi Parikh · 2017
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Deep reinforcement learning from human preferences
Paul F Christiano, Jan Leike, Tom Brown, Miljan Martic, Shane Legg, and Dario Amodei · 2017
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A hierarchical approach for generating descriptive image paragraphs
Jonathan Krause, Justin Johnson, Ranjay Krishna, and Li Fei-Fei · 2017
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Multimodal machine learning: A survey and taxonomy
Tadas Baltrušaitis, Chaitanya Ahuja, and Louis-Philippe Morency · 2018
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Vizwiz grand challenge: Answering visual questions from blind people
Danna Gurari, Qing Li, Abigale J Stangl, Anhong Guo, Chi Lin, Kristen Grauman, Jiebo Luo, and Jeffrey P Bigham · 2018
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Towards automatic learning of procedures from web instructional videos
Luowei Zhou, Chenliang Xu, and Jason Corso · 2018
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Conceptual captions: A cleaned, hypernymed, image alt-text dataset for automatic image captioning
Piyush Sharma, Nan Ding, Sebastian Goodman, and Radu Soricut · 2018
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Textual explanations for self-driving vehicles
Jinkyu Kim, Anna Rohrbach, Trevor Darrell, John Canny, and Zeynep Akata · 2018
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A corpus for reasoning about natural language grounded in photographs
Alane Suhr, Stephanie Zhou, Ally Zhang, Iris Zhang, Huajun Bai, and Yoav Artzi · 2018
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Vatex: A large-scale, high-quality multilingual dataset for video-and-language research
Xin Wang, Jiawei Wu, Junkun Chen, Lei Li, Yuan-Fang Wang, and William Yang Wang · 2019
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Towards vqa models that can read
Amanpreet Singh, Vivek Natarajan, Meet Shah, Yu Jiang, Xinlei Chen, Dhruv Batra, Devi Parikh, and Marcus Rohrbach · 2019
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Ocr-vqa: Visual question answering by reading text in images
Anand Mishra, Shashank Shekhar, Ajeet Kumar Singh, and Anirban Chakraborty · 2019
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Nocaps: Novel object captioning at scale
Harsh Agrawal, Karan Desai, Yufei Wang, Xinlei Chen, Rishabh Jain, Mark Johnson, Dhruv Batra, Devi Parikh, Stefan Lee, and Peter Anderson · 2019
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Ok-vqa: A visual question answering benchmark requiring external knowledge
Kenneth Marino, Mohammad Rastegari, Ali Farhadi, and Roozbeh Mottaghi · 2019
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Tallyqa: Answering complex counting questions
Manoj Acharya, Kushal Kafle, and Christopher Kanan · 2019
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Scene text visual question answering
Ali Furkan Biten, Ruben Tito, Andres Mafla, Lluis Gomez, Marçal Rusinol, Ernest Valveny, CV Jawahar, and Dimosthenis Karatzas · 2019
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Gqa: A new dataset for real-world visual reasoning and compositional question answering
Drew A Hudson and Christopher D Manning · 2019
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Objects365: A large-scale, high-quality dataset for object detection
Shuai Shao, Zeming Li, Tianyuan Zhang, Chao Peng, Gang Yu, Xiangyu Zhang, Jing Li, and Jian Sun · 2019
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Mathqa: Towards interpretable math word problem solving with operation-based formalisms
Aida Amini, Saadia Gabriel, Peter Lin, Rik Koncel-Kedziorski, Yejin Choi, and Hannaneh Hajishirzi · 2019
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Kvqa: Knowledge-aware visual question answering
Sanket Shah, Anand Mishra, Naganand Yadati, and Partha Pratim Talukdar · 2019
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Fine-tuning language models from human preferences
Daniel M Ziegler, Nisan Stiennon, Jeffrey Wu, Tom B Brown, Alec Radford, Dario Amodei, Paul Christiano, and Geoffrey Irving · 2019
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Captioning images taken by people who are blind
Danna Gurari, Yinan Zhao, Meng Zhang, and Nilavra Bhattacharya · 2020
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Textcaps: a dataset for image captioning with reading comprehension
Oleksii Sidorov, Ronghang Hu, Marcus Rohrbach, and Amanpreet Singh · 2020
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Learning to summarize with human feedback
Nisan Stiennon, Long Ouyang, Jeffrey Wu, Daniel Ziegler, Ryan Lowe, Chelsea Voss, Alec Radford, Dario Amodei, and Paul F Christiano · 2020
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Connecting vision and language with localized narratives
Jordi Pont-Tuset, Jasper Uijlings, Soravit Changpinyo, Radu Soricut, and Vittorio Ferrari · 2020
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An image is worth 16x16 words: Transformers for image recognition at scale, 2021
Alexey Dosovitskiy, Lucas Beyer, Alexander Kolesnikov, Dirk Weissenborn, Xiaohua Zhai, Thomas Unterthiner, Mostafa Dehghani, Matthias Minderer, Georg Heigold, Sylvain Gelly, Jakob Uszkoreit, and Neil Houlsby · 2021
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Learning transferable visual models from natural language supervision
Alec Radford, Jong Wook Kim, Chris Hallacy, Aditya Ramesh, Gabriel Goh, Sandhini Agarwal, Girish Sastry, Amanda Askell, Pamela Mishkin, Jack Clark, et al · 2021
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Unifying vision-and-language tasks via text generation
Jaemin Cho, Jie Lei, Hao Tan, and Mohit Bansal · 2021
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Scaling up visual and vision-language representation learning with noisy text supervision
Chao Jia, Yinfei Yang, Ye Xia, Yi-Ting Chen, Zarana Parekh, Hieu Pham, Quoc Le, Yun-Hsuan Sung, Zhen Li, and Tom Duerig · 2021
Cited alongside, same era.
Lora: Low-rank adaptation of large language models
Edward J Hu, Yelong Shen, Phillip Wallis, Zeyuan Allen-Zhu, Yuanzhi Li, Shean Wang, Lu Wang, and Weizhu Chen · 2021
Cited alongside, same era.
Docvqa: A dataset for vqa on document images
Minesh Mathew, Dimosthenis Karatzas, and CV Jawahar · 2021
Cited alongside, same era.
Spoken moments: Learning joint audio-visual representations from video descriptions
Mathew Monfort, SouYoung Jin, Alexander Liu, David Harwath, Rogerio Feris, James Glass, and Aude Oliva · 2021
Cited alongside, same era.
Artemis Panagopoulou, Le Xue, Ning Yu, Junnan Li, Dongxu Li, Shafiq Joty, Ran Xu, Silvio Savarese, Caiming Xiong, and Juan Carlos Niebles · 2023
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Kosmos-2.5: A multimodal literate model
Tengchao Lv, Yupan Huang, Jingye Chen, Lei Cui, Shuming Ma, Yaoyao Chang, Shaohan Huang, Wenhui Wang, Li Dong, Weiyao Luo, et al · 2023
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V*: Guided visual search as a core mechanism in multimodal llms
Penghao Wu and Saining Xie · 2023
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Video-chatgpt: Towards detailed video understanding via large vision and language models
Muhammad Maaz, Hanoona Rasheed, Salman Khan, and Fahad Shahbaz Khan · 2023
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Next-qa: Next phase of question-answering to explaining temporal actions
Junbin Xiao, Xindi Shang, Angela Yao, and Tat-Seng Chua · 2021
Cited alongside, same era.
Conceptual 12m: Pushing web-scale image-text pre-training to recognize long-tail visual concepts
Soravit Changpinyo, Piyush Sharma, Nan Ding, and Radu Soricut · 2021
Cited alongside, same era.
Combining recurrent, convolutional, and continuous-time models with linear state space layers
Albert Gu, Isys Johnson, Karan Goel, Khaled Saab, Tri Dao, Atri Rudra, and Christopher Ré · 2021
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Flamingo: a visual language model for few-shot learning
Jean-Baptiste Alayrac, Jeff Donahue, Pauline Luc, Antoine Miech, Iain Barr, Yana Hasson, Karel Lenc, Arthur Mensch, Katherine Millican, Malcolm Reynolds, et al · 2022
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Laion-5b: An open large-scale dataset for training next generation image-text models
Christoph Schuhmann, Romain Beaumont, Richard Vencu, Cade Gordon, Ross Wightman, Mehdi Cherti, Theo Coombes, Aarush Katta, Clayton Mullis, Mitchell Wortsman, et al · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
A-okvqa: A benchmark for visual question answering using world knowledge
Dustin Schwenk, Apoorv Khandelwal, Christopher Clark, Kenneth Marino, and Roozbeh Mottaghi · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Pali: A jointly-scaled multilingual language-image model
Xi Chen, Xiao Wang, Soravit Changpinyo, AJ Piergiovanni, Piotr Padlewski, Daniel Salz, Sebastian Goodman, Adam Grycner, Basil Mustafa, Lucas Beyer, et al · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Jinze Bai, Shuai Bai, Shusheng Yang, Shijie Wang, Sinan Tan, Peng Wang, Junyang Lin, Chang Zhou, and Jingren Zhou · 2023
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Anymal: An efficient and scalable any-modality augmented language model
Seungwhan Moon, Andrea Madotto, Zhaojiang Lin, Tushar Nagarajan, Matt Smith, Shashank Jain, Chun-Fu Yeh, Prakash Murugesan, Peyman Heidari, Yue Liu, et al · 2023
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Hao Feng, Qi Liu, Hao Liu, Wengang Zhou, Houqiang Li, and Can Huang · 2023
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mplug-paperowl: Scientific diagram analysis with the multimodal large language model
Anwen Hu, Yaya Shi, Haiyang Xu, Jiabo Ye, Qinghao Ye, Ming Yan, Chenliang Li, Qi Qian, Ji Zhang, and Fei Huang · 2023
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Mobilevlm: A fast, reproducible and strong vision language assistant for mobile devices
Xiangxiang Chu, Limeng Qiao, Xinyang Lin, Shuang Xu, Yang Yang, Yiming Hu, Fei Wei, Xinyu Zhang, Bo Zhang, Xiaolin Wei, et al · 2023
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Scaling autoregressive multi-modal models: Pretraining and instruction tuning
Lili Yu, Bowen Shi, Ramakanth Pasunuru, Benjamin Muller, Olga Golovneva, Tianlu Wang, Arun Babu, Binh Tang, Brian Karrer, Shelly Sheynin, et al · 2023
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Making llama see and draw with seed tokenizer
Yuying Ge, Sijie Zhao, Ziyun Zeng, Yixiao Ge, Chen Li, Xintao Wang, and Ying Shan · 2023
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Instructpix2pix: Learning to follow image editing instructions
Tim Brooks, Aleksander Holynski, and Alexei A Efros · 2023
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Simplified state space layers for sequence modeling, 2023
Jimmy T. H. Smith, Andrew Warrington, and Scott W. Linderman · 2023
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Mamba: Linear-time sequence modeling with selective state spaces
Albert Gu and Tri Dao · 2023
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4m: Massively multimodal masked modeling
David Mizrahi, Roman Bachmann, Oguzhan Kar, Teresa Yeo, Mingfei Gao, Afshin Dehghan, and Amir Zamir · 2024
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Mm-interleaved: Interleaved image-text generative modeling via multi-modal feature synchronizer
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Moe-llava: Mixture of experts for large vision-language models
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A survey on multimodal large language models, 2024
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The (r) evolution of multimodal large language models: A survey
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Cogcom: Train large vision-language models diving into details through chain of manipulations
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Datacomp: In search of the next generation of multimodal datasets
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Generating images with multimodal language models
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Any-to-any generation via composable diffusion
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