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LLMs are computationally expensive to pre-train due to their large scale.
The cascade-correlation learning architecture
Scott Fahlman and Christian Lebiere · 1989
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The recurrent cascade-correlation architecture
Scott E. Fahlman · 1990
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Knowledge transfer in deep convolutional neural nets
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Net2net: Accelerating learning via knowledge transfer
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The lambada dataset: Word prediction requiring a broad discourse context, 2016
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Pointer sentinel mixture models, 2016
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Bert: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding, 2019
Jacob Devlin, Ming-Wei Chang, Kenton Lee, and Kristina Toutanova · 2019
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Piqa: Reasoning about physical commonsense in natural language, 2019
Yonatan Bisk, Rowan Zellers, Ronan Le Bras, Jianfeng Gao, and Yejin Choi · 2019
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Winogrande: An adversarial winograd schema challenge at scale, 2019
Keisuke Sakaguchi, Ronan Le Bras, Chandra Bhagavatula, and Yejin Choi · 2019
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Hellaswag: Can a machine really finish your sentence?, 2019
Rowan Zellers, Ari Holtzman, Yonatan Bisk, Ali Farhadi, and Yejin Choi · 2019
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Language models are few-shot learners, 2020
Tom B. Brown, Benjamin Mann, Nick Ryder, Melanie Subbiah, Jared Kaplan, Prafulla Dhariwal, Arvind Neelakantan, Pranav Shyam, Girish Sastry, Amanda Askell, Sandhini Agarwal, Ariel Herbert-Voss, Gretchen Krueger, Tom Henighan, Rewon Child, Aditya Ramesh, Daniel M. Ziegler, Jeffrey Wu, Clemens Winter, Christopher Hesse, Mark Chen, Eric Sigler, Mateusz Litwin, Scott Gray, Benjamin Chess, Jack Clark, Christopher Berner, Sam McCandlish, Alec Radford, Ilya Sutskever, and Dario Amodei · 2020
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Scaling laws for neural language models, 2020
Jared Kaplan, Sam McCandlish, Tom Henighan, Tom B. Brown, Benjamin Chess, Rewon Child, Scott Gray, Alec Radford, Jeffrey Wu, and Dario Amodei · 2020
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Progressively stacking 2.0: A multi-stage layerwise training method for bert training speedup
Cheng Yang, Shengnan Wang, Chao Yang, Yuechuan Li, Ru He, and Jingqiao Zhang · 2020
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Logiqa: A challenge dataset for machine reading comprehension with logical reasoning, 2020
Jian Liu, Leyang Cui, Hanmeng Liu, Dandan Huang, Yile Wang, and Yue Zhang · 2020
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The pile: An 800gb dataset of diverse text for language modeling
Leo Gao, Stella Biderman, Sid Black, Laurence Golding, Travis Hoppe, Charles Foster, Jason Phang, Horace He, Anish Thite, Noa Nabeshima, et al · 2020
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bert2bert: Towards reusable pretrained language models
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Jordan Hoffmann, Sebastian Borgeaud, Arthur Mensch, Elena Buchatskaya, Trevor Cai, Eliza Rutherford, Diego de Las Casas, Lisa Anne Hendricks, Johannes Welbl, Aidan Clark, Tom Hennigan, Eric Noland, Katie Millican, George van den Driessche, Bogdan Damoc, Aurelia Guy, Simon Osindero, Karen Simonyan, Erich Elsen, Jack W. Rae, Oriol Vinyals, and Laurent Sifre · 2022
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