Quadratic quasi-normal mode dependence on linear mode parity

Understand

Quasinormal modes (QNMs) uniquely describe the dominant piece of the gravitational-wave ringdown of postmerger black holes.

• While the linear QNM regime has been extensively studied, recent work has highlighted the importance of second-perturbative-order, quadratic QNMs (QQNMs) arising from the nonlinear coupling of linear QNMs.
• Previous attempts to quantify the magnitude of these QQNMs have shown discrepant results.
• Using a new hyperboloidal framework, we resolve the discrepancy by showing that the QQNM/QNM ratio is a function not only of the black hole parameters but also of the ratio between even- and odd-parity linear QNMs: the ratio QQNM/QNM depends on what created the ringing black hole, but only through this ratio of even- to odd-parity linear perturbations.