Observation of generalized t-J spin dynamics with tunable dipolar interactions

Understand

Long-range and anisotropic dipolar interactions profoundly modify the dynamics of particles hopping in a periodic lattice potential.

• We report the realization of a generalized t-J model with dipolar interactions using a system of ultracold fermionic molecules with spin encoded in the two lowest rotational states.
• We independently tuned the dipolar Ising and spin-exchange couplings and the molecular motion and studied their interplay on coherent spin dynamics.
• Using Ramsey spectroscopy, we observed and modeled interaction-driven contrast decay that depends strongly both on the strength of the anisotropy between Ising and spin-exchange couplings and on motion.