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Scaling law principles indicate a power-law correlation between loss and variables such as model size, dataset size, and computational resources utilized during training.
Exploring the limits of transfer learning with a unified text-to-text transformer
Colin Raffel, Noam Shazeer, Adam Roberts, Katherine Lee, Sharan Narang, Michael Matena, Yanqi Zhou, Wei Li, and Peter J. Liu · 1910
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Curriculum learning
Yoshua Bengio, Jérôme Louradour, Ronan Collobert, and Jason Weston · 2009
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Deep sequential neural network
Ludovic Denoyer and Patrick Gallinari · 2014
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Conditional computation in neural networks for faster models
Emmanuel Bengio, Pierre-Luc Bacon, Joelle Pineau, and Doina Precup · 2016
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Deep learning scaling is predictable, empirically
Joel Hestness, Sharan Narang, Newsha Ardalani, Gregory Diamos, Heewoo Jun, Hassan Kianinejad, Md Mostofa Ali Patwary, Yang Yang, and Yanqi Zhou · 2017
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Attention is all you need
Ashish Vaswani, Noam Shazeer, Niki Parmar, Jakob Uszkoreit, Llion Jones, Aidan N Gomez, Łukasz Kaiser, and Illia Polosukhin · 2017
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An empirical model of large-batch training
Sam McCandlish, Jared Kaplan, Dario Amodei, and OpenAI Dota Team · 2018
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Measuring the effects of data parallelism on neural network training
Christopher J Shallue, Jaehoon Lee, Joseph Antognini, Jascha Sohl-Dickstein, Roy Frostig, and George E Dahl · 2019
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Language models are few-shot learners
Tom Brown, Benjamin Mann, Nick Ryder, Melanie Subbiah, Jared D Kaplan, Prafulla Dhariwal, Arvind Neelakantan, Pranav Shyam, Girish Sastry, Amanda Askell, et al · 2020
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Scaling laws for autoregressive generative modeling
Tom Henighan, Jared Kaplan, Mor Katz, Mark Chen, Christopher Hesse, Jacob Jackson, Heewoo Jun, Tom B Brown, Prafulla Dhariwal, Scott Gray, et al · 2020
Cited alongside, same era.
Scaling laws for neural language models
Jared Kaplan, Sam McCandlish, Tom Henighan, Tom B Brown, Benjamin Chess, Rewon Child, Scott Gray, Alec Radford, Jeffrey Wu, and Dario Amodei · 2020
Cited alongside, same era.
Unified scaling laws for routed language models
Aidan Clark, Diego De Las Casas, Aurelia Guy, Arthur Mensch, Michela Paganini, Jordan Hoffmann, Bogdan Damoc, Blake Hechtman, Trevor Cai, Sebastian Borgeaud, et al · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Training compute-optimal large language models
Jordan Hoffmann, Sebastian Borgeaud, Arthur Mensch, Elena Buchatskaya, Trevor Cai, Eliza Rutherford, Diego de Las Casas, Lisa Anne Hendricks, Johannes Welbl, Aidan Clark, et al · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Pythia: A suite for analyzing large language models across training and scaling
Stella Biderman, Hailey Schoelkopf, Quentin Gregory Anthony, Herbie Bradley, Kyle OBrien, Eric Hallahan, Mohammad Aflah Khan, Shivanshu Purohit, USVSN Sai Prashanth, Edward Raff, et al · 2023
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Deep learning tuning playbook, 2023
Varun Godbole, George E. Dahl, Justin Gilmer, Christopher J. Shallue, and Zachary Nado · 2023
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Scaling laws for reward model overoptimization
Leo Gao, John Schulman, and Jacob Hilton · 2023
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Gemini: a family of highly capable multimodal models
Gemini Team, Rohan Anil, Sebastian Borgeaud, Yonghui Wu, Jean-Baptiste Alayrac, Jiahui Yu, Radu Soricut, Johan Schalkwyk, Andrew M Dai, Anja Hauth, et al · 2023
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Llama: Open and efficient foundation language models
Hugo Touvron, Thibaut Lavril, Gautier Izacard, Xavier Martinet, Marie-Anne Lachaux, Timothée Lacroix, Baptiste Rozière, Naman Goyal, Eric Hambro, Faisal Azhar, et al · 2023
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Utkarsh Sharma and Jared Kaplan · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Welm: A well-read pre-trained language model for chinese
Hui Su, Xiao Zhou, Houjin Yu, Xiaoyu Shen, Yuwen Chen, Zilin Zhu, Yang Yu, and Jie Zhou · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Scale efficiently: Insights from pretraining and finetuning transformers
Yi Tay, Mostafa Dehghani, Jinfeng Rao, William Fedus, Samira Abnar, Hyung Won Chung, Sharan Narang, Dani Yogatama, Ashish Vaswani, and Donald Metzler · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Scaling vision transformers
Xiaohua Zhai, Alexander Kolesnikov, Neil Houlsby, and Lucas Beyer · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Josh Achiam, Steven Adler, Sandhini Agarwal, Lama Ahmad, Ilge Akkaya, Florencia Leoni Aleman, Diogo Almeida, Janko Altenschmidt, Sam Altman, Shyamal Anadkat, et al · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Later among the works it cites.
Deepseek llm: Scaling open-source language models with longtermism
Xiao Bi, Deli Chen, Guanting Chen, Shanhuang Chen, Damai Dai, Chengqi Deng, Honghui Ding, Kai Dong, Qiushi Du, Zhe Fu, et al · 2024
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Scaling laws for downstream task performance of large language models
Berivan Isik, Natalia Ponomareva, Hussein Hazimeh, Dimitris Paparas, Sergei Vassilvitskii, and Sanmi Koyejo · 2024
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Albert Q Jiang, Alexandre Sablayrolles, Antoine Roux, Arthur Mensch, Blanche Savary, Chris Bamford, Devendra Singh Chaplot, Diego de las Casas, Emma Bou Hanna, Florian Bressand, et al · 2024
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Doremi: Optimizing data mixtures speeds up language model pretraining
Sang Michael Xie, Hieu Pham, Xuanyi Dong, Nan Du, Hanxiao Liu, Yifeng Lu, Percy S Liang, Quoc V Le, Tengyu Ma, and Adams Wei Yu · 2024
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