Unveiling the Nature of Gravitational-Wave Emission in Core-collapse Supernovae with Perturbative Analysis

Understand

Gravitational waves (GWs) can provide crucial information about the central engines of core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe).

• In order to unveil the nature of GW emission in CCSNe, we apply perturbative analyses with the same underlying equations as simulations to diagnose oscillations of the proto-neutron star (PNS) during $\sim$1 s postbounce.
• In the pseudo-Newtonian case, we find that radial profiles of GW emission match well between the perturbative analysis with $l=2$ and simulations inside the PNS at \emph{any} frequency and time.
• This confirms that the GW emission of CCSNe arises from the global PNS oscillations in the perturbative regime.