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LLMs have demonstrated impressive performance in answering medical questions, such as achieving passing scores on medical licensing examinations.
Language models are few-shot learners
Tom Brown, Benjamin Mann, Nick Ryder, Melanie Subbiah, Jared D Kaplan, Prafulla Dhariwal, Arvind Neelakantan, Pranav Shyam, Girish Sastry, Amanda Askell, Sandhini Agarwal, Ariel Herbert-Voss, Gretchen Krueger, Tom Henighan, Rewon Child, Aditya Ramesh, Daniel Ziegler, Jeffrey Wu, Clemens Winter, Chris Hesse, Mark Chen, Eric Sigler, Mateusz Litwin, Scott Gray, Benjamin Chess, Jack Clark, Christopher Berner, Sam McCandlish, Alec Radford, Ilya Sutskever, and Dario Amodei. 2020 · 1901
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Bertscore: Evaluating text generation with bert
Tianyi Zhang, Varsha Kishore, Felix Wu, Kilian Q Weinberger, and Yoav Artzi. 2019 · 1904
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Roberta: A robustly optimized bert pretraining approach
Yinhan Liu, Myle Ott, Naman Goyal, Jingfei Du, Mandar Joshi, Danqi Chen, Omer Levy, Mike Lewis, Luke Zettlemoyer, and Veselin Stoyanov. 2019 · 1907
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ExplainCPE: A free-text explanation benchmark of Chinese pharmacist examination
Dongfang Li, Jindi Yu, Baotian Hu, Zhenran Xu, and Min Zhang. 2023a · 1940
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Communications through limited-response questioning
E. M. BENNETT, R. ALPERT, and A. C. GOLDSTEIN. 1954 · 1954
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Rouge: A package for automatic evaluation of summaries
Chin-Yew Lin. 2004 · 2004
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The elements of statistical learning: data mining, inference, and prediction , volume 2
Trevor Hastie, Robert Tibshirani, Jerome H Friedman, and Jerome H Friedman. 2009 · 2009
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Measuring massive multitask language understanding
Dan Hendrycks, Collin Burns, Steven Basart, Andy Zou, Mantas Mazeika, Dawn Song, and Jacob Steinhardt. 2020 · 2009
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Medalign: A clinician-generated dataset for instruction following with electronic medical records
Scott L. Fleming, Alejandro Lozano, William J. Haberkorn, Jenelle A. Jindal, Eduardo Pontes Reis, Rahul Thapa, Louis Blankemeier, Julian Z. Genkins, Ethan Steinberg, Ashwin Nayak, Birju S. Patel, Chia-Chun Chiang, Alison Callahan, Zepeng Huo, Sergios Gatidis, Scott J. Adams, Oluseyi Fayanju, Shreya J. Shah, Thomas Savage, Ethan Goh, Akshay S. Chaudhari, Nima Aghaeepour, Christopher D. Sharp, Michael A. Pfeffer, Percy Liang, Jonathan H. Chen, Keith E. Morse, Emma P. Brunskill, Jason A. Fries, and Nigam H. Shah. 2024 · 2014
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Teaching machines to read and comprehend
Karl Moritz Hermann, Tomas Kocisky, Edward Grefenstette, Lasse Espeholt, Will Kay, Mustafa Suleyman, and Phil Blunsom. 2015 · 2015
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Overview of the medical question answering task at trec 2017 liveqa
Asma Ben Abacha, Eugene Agichtein, Yuval Pinter, and Dina Demner-Fushman. 2017 · 2017
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emrqa: A large corpus for question answering on electronic medical records
Anusri Pampari, Preethi Raghavan, Jennifer Liang, and Jian Peng. 2018 · 2018
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A question-entailment approach to question answering
Asma Ben Abacha and Dina Demner-Fushman. 2019 · 2019
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Bridging the gap between consumers’ medication questions and trusted answers
Asma Ben Abacha, Yassine Mrabet, Mark E. Sharp, Travis R. Goodwin, Sonya E. Shooshan, and Dina Demner-Fushman. 2019 · 2019
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BERT: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding
Jacob Devlin, Ming-Wei Chang, Kenton Lee, and Kristina Toutanova. 2019 · 2019
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Large-scale, diverse, paraphrastic bitexts via sampling and clustering
J. Edward Hu, Abhinav Singh, Nils Holzenberger, Matt Post, and Benjamin Van Durme. 2019 · 2019
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BART: Denoising sequence-to-sequence pre-training for natural language generation, translation, and comprehension
Mike Lewis, Yinhan Liu, Naman Goyal, Marjan Ghazvininejad, Abdelrahman Mohamed, Omer Levy, Veselin Stoyanov, and Luke Zettlemoyer. 2020 · 2020
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BLEURT: Learning robust metrics for text generation
Thibault Sellam, Dipanjan Das, and Ankur Parikh. 2020 · 2020
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Compression, transduction, and creation: A unified framework for evaluating natural language generation
Mingkai Deng, Bowen Tan, Zhengzhong Liu, Eric Xing, and Zhiting Hu. 2021 · 2021
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What disease does this patient have? a large-scale open domain question answering dataset from medical exams
Di Jin, Eileen Pan, Nassim Oufattole, Wei-Hung Weng, Hanyi Fang, and Peter Szolovits. 2021 · 2021
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Bartscore: evaluating generated text as text generation
Weizhe Yuan, Graham Neubig, and Pengfei Liu. 2021 · 2021
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Cliniqg4qa: Generating diverse questions for domain adaptation of clinical question answering
Xiang Yue, Xinliang Frederick Zhang, Ziyu Yao, Simon M. Lin, and Huan Sun. 2020 · 2021
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Meta-learning via language model in-context tuning
Yanda Chen, Ruiqi Zhong, Sheng Zha, George Karypis, and He He. 2022 · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Large language models are zero-shot reasoners
Takeshi Kojima, Shixiang Shane Gu, Machel Reid, Yutaka Matsuo, and Yusuke Iwasawa. 2022 · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Can large language models reason about medical questions?
Valentin Liévin, Christoffer Egeberg Hother, and Ole Winther. 2022 · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Data contamination: From memorization to exploitation
Inbal Magar and Roy Schwartz. 2022 · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Rethinking the role of demonstrations: What makes in-context learning work?
Sewon Min, Xinxi Lyu, Ari Holtzman, Mikel Artetxe, Mike Lewis, Hannaneh Hajishirzi, and Luke Zettlemoyer. 2022 · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Gpt-4 technical report
OpenAI. 2023 · 2023
Later among the works it cites.
Longbox: Evaluating transformers on long-sequence clinical tasks
Mihir Parmar, Aakanksha Naik, Himanshu Gupta, Disha Agrawal, and Chitta Baral. 2023 · 2023
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NLP evaluation in trouble: On the need to measure LLM data contamination for each benchmark
Oscar Sainz, Jon Campos, Iker García-Ferrero, Julen Etxaniz, Oier Lopez de Lacalle, and Eneko Agirre. 2023 · 2023
Later among the works it cites.
Use of gpt-4 to analyze medical records of patients with extensive investigations and delayed diagnosis
Yat-Fung Shea, Cynthia Min Yao Lee, Whitney Chin Tung Ip, Dik Wai Anderson Luk, and Stephanie Sze Wing Wong. 2023 · 2023
Later among the works it cites.
Towards expert-level medical question answering with large language models
Karan Singhal, Tao Tu, Juraj Gottweis, Rory Sayres, Ellery Wulczyn, Le Hou, Kevin Clark, Stephen Pfohl, Heather Cole-Lewis, Darlene Neal, et al. 2023 · 2023
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Long Ouyang, Jeff Wu, Xu Jiang, Diogo Almeida, Carroll L. Wainwright, Pamela Mishkin, Chong Zhang, Sandhini Agarwal, Katarina Slama, Alex Ray, John Schulman, Jacob Hilton, Fraser Kelton, Luke Miller, Maddie Simens, Amanda Askell, Peter Welinder, Paul Christiano, Jan Leike, and Ryan Lowe. 2022 · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Medmcqa: A large-scale multi-subject multi-choice dataset for medical domain question answering
Ankit Pal, Logesh Kumar Umapathi, and Malaikannan Sankarasubbu. 2022 · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Understanding the impact of explanations on advice-taking: a user study for ai-based clinical decision support systems
Cecilia Panigutti, Andrea Beretta, Fosca Giannotti, and Dino Pedreschi. 2022 · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Large language models encode clinical knowledge
Karan Singhal, Shekoofeh Azizi, Tao Tu, S Sara Mahdavi, Jason Wei, Hyung Won Chung, Nathan Scales, Ajay Tanwani, Heather Cole-Lewis, Stephen Pfohl, et al. 2022 · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
RadQA: A question answering dataset to improve comprehension of radiology reports
Sarvesh Soni, Meghana Gudala, Atieh Pajouhi, and Kirk Roberts. 2022 · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Self-consistency improves chain of thought reasoning in language models
Xuezhi Wang, Jason Wei, Dale Schuurmans, Quoc Le, Ed Chi, Sharan Narang, Aakanksha Chowdhery, and Denny Zhou. 2022 · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Chain-of-thought prompting elicits reasoning in large language models
Jason Wei, Xuezhi Wang, Dale Schuurmans, Maarten Bosma, Brian Ichter, Fei Xia, Ed H. Chi, Quoc V. Le, and Denny Zhou. 2022 · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Later among the works it cites.
Chatbot vs medical student performance on free-response clinical reasoning examinations
Eric Strong, Alicia DiGiammarino, Yingjie Weng, Andre Kumar, Poonam Hosamani, Jason Hom, and Jonathan H. Chen. 2023 · 2023
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Gemini: a family of highly capable multimodal models
Gemini Team, Rohan Anil, Sebastian Borgeaud, Yonghui Wu, Jean-Baptiste Alayrac, Jiahui Yu, Radu Soricut, Johan Schalkwyk, Andrew M Dai, Anja Hauth, et al. 2023 · 2023
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Llama 2: Open foundation and fine-tuned chat models
Hugo Touvron, Louis Martin, Kevin Stone, Peter Albert, Amjad Almahairi, Yasmine Babaei, Nikolay Bashlykov, Soumya Batra, Prajjwal Bhargava, Shruti Bhosale, et al. 2023 · 2023
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Augmenting black-box llms with medical textbooks for clinical question answering
Yubo Wang, Xueguang Ma, and Wenhu Chen. 2023 · 2023
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HuatuoGPT, towards taming language model to be a doctor
Hongbo Zhang, Junying Chen, Feng Jiang, Fei Yu, Zhihong Chen, Guiming Chen, Jianquan Li, Xiangbo Wu, Zhang Zhiyi, Qingying Xiao, Xiang Wan, Benyou Wang, and Haizhou Li. 2023a · 2023
Later among the works it cites.
When benchmarks are targets: Revealing the sensitivity of large language model leaderboards
Norah Alzahrani, Hisham Alyahya, Yazeed Alnumay, Sultan AlRashed, Shaykhah Alsubaie, Yousef Almushayqih, Faisal Mirza, Nouf Alotaibi, Nora Al-Twairesh, Areeb Alowisheq, M Saiful Bari, and Haidar Khan. 2024 · 2024
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The claude 3 model family: Opus, sonnet, haiku
Anthropic. 2024 · 2024
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Diagnostic accuracy of a large language model in pediatric case studies
Joseph Barile, Alex Margolis, Grace Cason, Rachel Kim, Saia Kalash, Alexis Tchaconas, and Ruth Milanaik. 2024 · 2024
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Investigating data contamination in modern benchmarks for large language models
Chunyuan Deng, Yilun Zhao, Xiangru Tang, Mark Gerstein, and Arman Cohan. 2024 · 2024
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Use of gpt-4 to diagnose complex clinical cases
Alexander V. Eriksen, Sören Möller, and Jesper Ryg. 2024 · 2024
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Hidden flaws behind expert-level accuracy of gpt-4 vision in medicine
Qiao Jin, Fangyuan Chen, Yiliang Zhou, Ziyang Xu, Justin M Cheung, Robert Chen, Ronald M Summers, Justin F Rousseau, Peiyun Ni, Marc J Landsman, et al. 2024 · 2024
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Publicly shareable clinical large language model built on synthetic clinical notes
Sunjun Kweon, Junu Kim, Jiyoun Kim, Sujeong Im, Eunbyeol Cho, Seongsu Bae, Jungwoo Oh, Gyubok Lee, Jong Hak Moon, Seng Chan You, Seungjin Baek, Chang Hoon Han, Yoon Bin Jung, Yohan Jo, and Edward Choi. 2024 · 2024
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Large language models are poor clinical decision-makers: A comprehensive benchmark
Fenglin Liu, Zheng Li, Hongjian Zhou, Qingyu Yin, Jingfeng Yang, Xianfeng Tang, Chen Luo, Ming Zeng, Haoming Jiang, Yifan Gao, Priyanka Nigam, Sreyashi Nag, Bing Yin, Yining Hua, Xuan Zhou, Omid Rohanian, Anshul Thakur, Lei Clifton, and David A. Clifton. 2024 · 2024
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K-qa: A real-world medical q&a benchmark
Itay Manes, Naama Ronn, David Cohen, Ran Ilan Ber, Zehavi Horowitz-Kugler, and Gabriel Stanovsky. 2024 · 2024
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Introducing meta llama 3: The most capable openly available llm to date
Meta. 2024 · 2024
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Capabilities of gemini models in medicine
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Assessing and enhancing large language models in rare disease question-answering
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