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The tendency of Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate hallucinations raises concerns regarding their reliability.
Language models are few-shot learners
Tom Brown, Benjamin Mann, Nick Ryder, Melanie Subbiah, Jared D Kaplan, Prafulla Dhariwal, Arvind Neelakantan, Pranav Shyam, Girish Sastry, Amanda Askell, Sandhini Agarwal, Ariel Herbert-Voss, Gretchen Krueger, Tom Henighan, Rewon Child, Aditya Ramesh, Daniel Ziegler, Jeffrey Wu, Clemens Winter, Chris Hesse, Mark Chen, Eric Sigler, Mateusz Litwin, Scott Gray, Benjamin Chess, Jack Clark, Christopher Berner, Sam McCandlish, Alec Radford, Ilya Sutskever, and Dario Amodei. 2020 · 1901
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Benchmarking bayesian deep learning with diabetic retinopathy diagnosis
Angelos Filos, Sebastian Farquhar, Aidan N Gomez, Tim GJ Rudner, Zachary Kenton, Lewis Smith, Milad Alizadeh, Arnoud de Kroon, and Yarin Gal. 2019 · 1912
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Bilingualism: A social approach
Monica Heller. 2007 · 2007
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Inducing language-agnostic multilingual representations
Wei Zhao, Steffen Eger, Johannes Bjerva, and Isabelle Augenstein. 2020 · 2008
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The sociolinguistics of globalization
J Blommaert. 2010 · 2010
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Dropout as a bayesian approximation: Representing model uncertainty in deep learning
Yarin Gal and Zoubin Ghahramani. 2016 · 2016
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Uncertainty in deep learning
Yarin Gal et al. 2016 · 2016
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Crowdsourcing multiple choice science questions
Matt Gardner Johannes Welbl, Nelson F. Liu. 2017 · 2017
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TriviaQA: A large scale distantly supervised challenge dataset for reading comprehension
Mandar Joshi, Eunsol Choi, Daniel Weld, and Luke Zettlemoyer. 2017 · 2017
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Simple and scalable predictive uncertainty estimation using deep ensembles
Balaji Lakshminarayanan, Alexander Pritzel, and Charles Blundell. 2017 · 2017
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Las: Language agnostic system for question answering
Dominika Basaj, Barbara Rychalska, and Anna Wroblewska. 2018 · 2018
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A simple unified framework for detecting out-of-distribution samples and adversarial attacks
Kimin Lee, Kibok Lee, Honglak Lee, and Jinwoo Shin. 2018 · 2018
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Correcting length bias in neural machine translation
Kenton Murray and David Chiang. 2018 · 2018
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How multilingual is multilingual BERT?
Telmo Pires, Eva Schlinger, and Dan Garrette. 2019 · 2019
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Commonsenseqa: A question answering challenge targeting commonsense knowledge
Alon Talmor, Jonathan Herzig, Nicholas Lourie, and Jonathan Berant. 2019 · 2019
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What defines language dominance in bilinguals?
Jeanine Treffers-Daller. 2019 · 2019
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A survey on bayesian deep learning
Hao Wang and Dit-Yan Yeung. 2020 · 2020
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A review of uncertainty quantification in deep learning: Techniques, applications and challenges
Moloud Abdar, Farhad Pourpanah, Sadiq Hussain, Dana Rezazadegan, Li Liu, Mohammad Ghavamzadeh, Paul Fieguth, Xiaochun Cao, Abbas Khosravi, U Rajendra Acharya, et al. 2021 · 2021
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Training verifiers to solve math word problems
Karl Cobbe, Vineet Kosaraju, Mohammad Bavarian, Mark Chen, Heewoo Jun, Lukasz Kaiser, Matthias Plappert, Jerry Tworek, Jacob Hilton, Reiichiro Nakano, Christopher Hesse, and John Schulman. 2021 · 2021
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Uncertainty estimation in autoregressive structured prediction
Andrey Malinin and Mark Gales. 2021 · 2021
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Bayesian transformer language models for speech recognition
Boyang Xue, Jianwei Yu, Junhao Xu, Shansong Liu, Shoukang Hu, Zi Ye, Mengzhe Geng, Xunying Liu, and Helen Meng. 2021 · 2021
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Language models (mostly) know what they know
Saurav Kadavath, Tom Conerly, Amanda Askell, Tom Henighan, Dawn Drain, Ethan Perez, Nicholas Schiefer, Zac Hatfield-Dodds, Nova DasSarma, Eli Tran-Johnson, et al. 2022 · 2022
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Teaching models to express their uncertainty in words
Stephanie Lin, Jacob Hilton, and Owain Evans. 2022 · 2022
Multilingual previously fact-checked claim retrieval
Matúš Pikuliak, Ivan Srba, Robert Moro, Timo Hromadka, Timotej Smoleň, Martin Melišek, Ivan Vykopal, Jakub Simko, Juraj Podroužek, and Maria Bielikova. 2023 · 2023
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A survey of hallucination in large foundation models
Vipula Rawte, Amit Sheth, and Amitava Das. 2023 · 2023
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Language models are multilingual chain-of-thought reasoners
Freda Shi, Mirac Suzgun, Markus Freitag, Xuezhi Wang, Suraj Srivats, Soroush Vosoughi, Hyung Won Chung, Yi Tay, Sebastian Ruder, Denny Zhou, Dipanjan Das, and Jason Wei. 2023 · 2023
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Just ask for calibration: Strategies for eliciting calibrated confidence scores from language models fine-tuned with human feedback
Katherine Tian, Eric Mitchell, Allan Zhou, Archit Sharma, Rafael Rafailov, Huaxiu Yao, Chelsea Finn, and Christopher Manning. 2023a · 2023
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Reducing conversational agents’ overconfidence through linguistic calibration
Sabrina J. Mielke, Arthur Szlam, Emily Dinan, and Y-Lan Boureau. 2022 · 2022
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GL-CLeF: A global–local contrastive learning framework for cross-lingual spoken language understanding
Libo Qin, Qiguang Chen, Tianbao Xie, Qixin Li, Jian-Guang Lou, Wanxiang Che, and Min-Yen Kan. 2022 · 2022
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Chain-of-thought prompting elicits reasoning in large language models
Jason Wei, Xuezhi Wang, Dale Schuurmans, Maarten Bosma, brian ichter, Fei Xia, Ed Chi, Quoc V Le, and Denny Zhou. 2022 · 2022
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Uncertainty quantification with pre-trained language models: A large-scale empirical analysis
Yuxin Xiao, Paul Pu Liang, Umang Bhatt, Willie Neiswanger, Ruslan Salakhutdinov, and Louis-Philippe Morency. 2022 · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Bayesian neural network language modeling for speech recognition
Boyang Xue, Shoukang Hu, Junhao Xu, Mengzhe Geng, Xunying Liu, and Helen Meng. 2022 · 2022
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Jiuhai Chen and Jonas Mueller. 2023 · 2023
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A survey of language model confidence estimation and calibration
Jiahui Geng, Fengyu Cai, Yuxia Wang, Heinz Koeppl, Preslav Nakov, and Iryna Gurevych. 2023 · 2023
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Hugo Touvron, Louis Martin, Kevin Stone, Peter Albert, Amjad Almahairi, Yasmine Babaei, Nikolay Bashlykov, Soumya Batra, Prajjwal Bhargava, Shruti Bhosale, Dan Bikel, Lukas Blecher, Cristian Canton Ferrer, Moya Chen, Guillem Cucurull, David Esiobu, Jude Fernandes, Jeremy Fu, Wenyin Fu, Brian Fuller, Cynthia Gao, Vedanuj Goswami, Naman Goyal, Anthony Hartshorn, Saghar Hosseini, Rui Hou, Hakan Inan, Marcin Kardas, Viktor Kerkez, Madian Khabsa, Isabel Kloumann, Artem Korenev, Punit Singh Koura, Marie-Anne Lachaux, Thibaut Lavril, Jenya Lee, Diana Liskovich, Yinghai Lu, Yuning Mao, Xavier Martinet, Todor Mihaylov, Pushkar Mishra, Igor Molybog, Yixin Nie, Andrew Poulton, Jeremy Reizenstein, Rashi Rungta, Kalyan Saladi, Alan Schelten, Ruan Silva, Eric Michael Smith, Ranjan Subramanian, Xiaoqing Ellen Tan, Binh Tang, Ross Taylor, Adina Williams, Jian Xiang Kuan, Puxin Xu, Zheng Yan, Iliyan Zarov, Yuchen Zhang, Angela Fan, Melanie Kambadur, Sharan Narang, Aurelien Rodriguez, Robert Stojnic, Sergey Edunov, and Thomas Scialom. 2023 · 2023
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Neeraj Varshney, Wenlin Yao, Hongming Zhang, Jianshu Chen, and Dong Yu. 2023 · 2023
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Efficient out-of-domain detection for sequence to sequence models
Artem Vazhentsev, Akim Tsvigun, Roman Vashurin, Sergey Petrakov, Daniil Vasilev, Maxim Panov, Alexander Panchenko, and Artem Shelmanov. 2023 · 2023
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Judging llm-as-a-judge with mt-bench and chatbot arena
Lianmin Zheng, Wei-Lin Chiang, Ying Sheng, Siyuan Zhuang, Zhanghao Wu, Yonghao Zhuang, Zi Lin, Zhuohan Li, Dacheng Li, Eric P. Xing, Hao Zhang, Joseph E. Gonzalez, and Ion Stoica. 2023 · 2023
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Navigating the grey area: How expressions of uncertainty and overconfidence affect language models
Kaitlyn Zhou, Dan Jurafsky, and Tatsunori Hashimoto. 2023 · 2023
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Llama 3 model card
AI@Meta. 2024 · 2024
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Multilingual jailbreak challenges in large language models
Yue Deng, Wenxuan Zhang, Sinno Jialin Pan, and Lidong Bing. 2024 · 2024
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Enhancing confidence expression in large language models through learning from past experience
Haixia Han, Tingyun Li, Shisong Chen, Jie Shi, Chengyu Du, Yanghua Xiao, Jiaqing Liang, and Xin Lin. 2024 · 2024
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Calibrating large language models with sample consistency
Qing Lyu, Kumar Shridhar, Chaitanya Malaviya, Li Zhang, Yanai Elazar, Niket Tandon, Marianna Apidianaki, Mrinmaya Sachan, and Chris Callison-Burch. 2024 · 2024
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The good, the bad, and the greedy: Evaluation of llms should not ignore non-determinism
Yifan Song, Guoyin Wang, Sujian Li, and Bill Yuchen Lin. 2024 · 2024
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Linguini: A benchmark for language-agnostic linguistic reasoning
Eduardo Sánchez, Belen Alastruey, Christophe Ropers, Pontus Stenetorp, Mikel Artetxe, and Marta R. Costa-jussà. 2024 · 2024
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Can LLMs express their uncertainty? an empirical evaluation of confidence elicitation in LLMs
Miao Xiong, Zhiyuan Hu, Xinyang Lu, YIFEI LI, Jie Fu, Junxian He, and Bryan Hooi. 2024 · 2024
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Ualign: Leveraging uncertainty estimations for factuality alignment on large language models
Boyang Xue, Fei Mi, Qi Zhu, Hongru Wang, Rui Wang, Sheng Wang, Erxin Yu, Xuming Hu, and Kam-Fai Wong. 2024 · 2024
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Self-DC: When to reason and when to act? self divide-and-conquer for compositional unknown questions
Hongru Wang, Boyang Xue, Baohang Zhou, Tianhua Zhang, Cunxiang Wang, Huimin Wang, Guanhua Chen, and Kam-Fai Wong. 2025 · 2025
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