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We analyze the operation of transformer language adapters, which are small modules trained on top of a frozen language model to adapt its predictions to new target languages.
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Giusepppe Attardi. 2015 · 2015
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Attention is all you need
Ashish Vaswani, Noam Shazeer, Niki Parmar, Jakob Uszkoreit, Llion Jones, Aidan N Gomez, Łukasz Kaiser, and Illia Polosukhin. 2017 · 2017
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CoNLL 2017 shared task: Multilingual parsing from raw text to Universal Dependencies
Daniel Zeman, Martin Popel, Milan Straka, Jan Hajič, Joakim Nivre, Filip Ginter, Juhani Luotolahti, Sampo Pyysalo, Slav Petrov, Martin Potthast, Francis Tyers, Elena Badmaeva, Memduh Gokirmak, Anna Nedoluzhko, Silvie Cinková, Jan Hajič jr., Jaroslava Hlaváčová, Václava Kettnerová, Zdeňka Urešová, Jenna Kanerva, Stina Ojala, Anna Missilä, Christopher D. Manning, Sebastian Schuster, Siva Reddy, Dima Taji, Nizar Habash, Herman Leung, Marie-Catherine de Marneffe, Manuela Sanguinetti, Maria Simi, Hiroshi Kanayama, Valeria de Paiva, Kira Droganova, Héctor Martínez Alonso, Çağrı Çöltekin, Umut Sulubacak, Hans Uszkoreit, Vivien Macketanz, Aljoscha Burchardt, Kim Harris, Katrin Marheinecke, Georg Rehm, Tolga Kayadelen, Mohammed Attia, Ali Elkahky, Zhuoran Yu, Emily Pitler, Saran Lertpradit, Michael Mandl, Jesse Kirchner, Hector Fernandez Alcalde, Jana Strnadová, Esha Banerjee, Ruli Manurung, Antonio Stella, Atsuko Shimada, Sookyoung Kwak, Gustavo Mendonça, Tatiana Lando, Rattima Nitisaroj, and Josie Li. 2017 · 2017
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BERT: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding
Jacob Devlin, Ming-Wei Chang, Kenton Lee, and Kristina Toutanova. 2019 · 2019
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Parameter-efficient transfer learning for NLP
Neil Houlsby, Andrei Giurgiu, Stanislaw Jastrzebski, Bruna Morrone, Quentin De Laroussilhe, Andrea Gesmundo, Mona Attariyan, and Sylvain Gelly. 2019 · 2019
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How multilingual is multilingual BERT?
Telmo Pires, Eva Schlinger, and Dan Garrette. 2019 · 2019
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BERT rediscovers the classical NLP pipeline
Ian Tenney, Dipanjan Das, and Ellie Pavlick. 2019 · 2019
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The bottom-up evolution of representations in the transformer: A study with machine translation and language modeling objectives
Elena Voita, Rico Sennrich, and Ivan Titov. 2019 · 2019
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Neural machine translation with byte-level subwords
Changhan Wang, Kyunghyun Cho, and Jiatao Gu. 2019 · 2019
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On the cross-lingual transferability of monolingual representations
Mikel Artetxe, Sebastian Ruder, and Dani Yogatama. 2020 · 2020
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Parsing with multilingual BERT, a small corpus, and a small treebank
Ethan C. Chau, Lucy H. Lin, and Noah A. Smith. 2020 · 2020
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Unsupervised cross-lingual representation learning at scale
Alexis Conneau, Kartikay Khandelwal, Naman Goyal, Vishrav Chaudhary, Guillaume Wenzek, Francisco Guzmán, Edouard Grave, Myle Ott, Luke Zettlemoyer, and Veselin Stoyanov. 2020 · 2020
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Common sense or world knowledge? investigating adapter-based knowledge injection into pretrained transformers
Anne Lauscher, Olga Majewska, Leonardo F. R. Ribeiro, Iryna Gurevych, Nikolai Rozanov, and Goran Glavaš. 2020 · 2020
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On the language neutrality of pre-trained multilingual representations
Jindřich Libovický, Rudolf Rosa, and Alexander Fraser. 2020 · 2020
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Interpreting GPT: The logit lens
Nostalgebraist. 2020 · 2020
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Adapterhub: A framework for adapting transformers
Jonas Pfeiffer, Andreas Rücklé, Clifton Poth, Aishwarya Kamath, Ivan Vulić, Sebastian Ruder, Kyunghyun Cho, and Iryna Gurevych. 2020a · 2020
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MAD-X: An Adapter-Based Framework for Multi-Task Cross-Lingual Transfer
Jonas Pfeiffer, Ivan Vulić, Iryna Gurevych, and Sebastian Ruder. 2020b · 2020
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InfoXLM: An information-theoretic framework for cross-lingual language model pre-training
Zewen Chi, Li Dong, Furu Wei, Nan Yang, Saksham Singhal, Wenhui Wang, Xia Song, Xian-Ling Mao, Heyan Huang, and Ming Zhou. 2021 · 2021
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A mathematical framework for transformer circuits
Nelson Elhage, Neel Nanda, Catherine Olsson, Tom Henighan, Nicholas Joseph, Ben Mann, Amanda Askell, Yuntao Bai, Anna Chen, Tom Conerly, Nova DasSarma, Dawn Drain, Deep Ganguli, Zac Hatfield-Dodds, Danny Hernandez, Andy Jones, Jackson Kernion, Liane Lovitt, Kamal Ndousse, Dario Amodei, Tom Brown, Jack Clark, Jared Kaplan, Sam McCandlish, and Chris Olah. 2021 · 2021
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Transformer feed-forward layers are key-value memories
Mor Geva, Roei Schuster, Jonathan Berant, and Omer Levy. 2021 · 2021
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On the effectiveness of adapter-based tuning for pretrained language model adaptation
Ruidan He, Linlin Liu, Hai Ye, Qingyu Tan, Bosheng Ding, Liying Cheng, Jiawei Low, Lidong Bing, and Luo Si. 2021 · 2021
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Lora: Low-rank adaptation of large language models
Edward J. Hu, Yelong Shen, Phillip Wallis, Zeyuan Allen-Zhu, Yuanzhi Li, Shean Wang, Lu Wang, and Weizhu Chen. 2021 · 2021
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First align, then predict: Understanding the cross-lingual ability of multilingual BERT
Discovering low-rank subspaces for language-agnostic multilingual representations
Zhihui Xie, Handong Zhao, Tong Yu, and Shuai Li. 2022 · 2022
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Adapting bigscience multilingual model to unseen languages
Zheng-Xin Yong and Vassilina Nikoulina. 2022 · 2022
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On the nature of discrete speech representations in multilingual self-supervised models
Badr M. Abdullah, Mohammed Maqsood Shaik, and Dietrich Klakow. 2023 · 2023
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Morphosyntactic probing of multilingual bert models
Judit Acs, Endre Hamerlik, Roy Schwartz, Noah A. Smith, and Andras Kornai. 2023 · 2023
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Eliciting latent predictions from transformers with the tuned lens
Nora Belrose, Zach Furman, Logan Smith, Danny Halawi, Igor Ostrovsky, Lev McKinney, Stella Biderman, and Jacob Steinhardt. 2023 · 2023
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Benjamin Muller, Yanai Elazar, Benoît Sagot, and Djamé Seddah. 2021 · 2021
Cited alongside, same era.
UNKs everywhere: Adapting multilingual language models to new scripts
Jonas Pfeiffer, Ivan Vulić, Iryna Gurevych, and Sebastian Ruder. 2021b · 2021
Cited alongside, same era.
AdapterDrop: On the efficiency of adapters in transformers
Andreas Rücklé, Gregor Geigle, Max Glockner, Tilman Beck, Jonas Pfeiffer, Nils Reimers, and Iryna Gurevych. 2021 · 2021
Cited alongside, same era.
K-Adapter: Infusing Knowledge into Pre-Trained Models with Adapters
Ruize Wang, Duyu Tang, Nan Duan, Zhongyu Wei, Xuanjing Huang, Jianshu Ji, Guihong Cao, Daxin Jiang, and Ming Zhou. 2021 · 2021
Cited alongside, same era.
Inducing language-agnostic multilingual representations
Wei Zhao, Steffen Eger, Johannes Bjerva, and Isabelle Augenstein. 2021 · 2021
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Adapting pre-trained language models to African languages via multilingual adaptive fine-tuning
Jesujoba O. Alabi, David Ifeoluwa Adelani, Marius Mosbach, and Dietrich Klakow. 2022 · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
GPT-NeoX-20B: An open-source autoregressive language model
Sidney Black, Stella Biderman, Eric Hallahan, Quentin Anthony, Leo Gao, Laurence Golding, Horace He, Connor Leahy, Kyle McDonell, Jason Phang, Michael Pieler, Usvsn Sai Prashanth, Shivanshu Purohit, Laria Reynolds, Jonathan Tow, Ben Wang, and Samuel Weinbach. 2022 · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
The geometry of multilingual language model representations
Tyler Chang, Zhuowen Tu, and Benjamin Bergen. 2022 · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
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An open dataset and model for language identification
Laurie Burchell, Alexandra Birch, Nikolay Bogoychev, and Kenneth Heafield. 2023 · 2023
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Jump to conclusions: Short-cutting transformers with linear transformations
Alexander Yom Din, Taelin Karidi, Leshem Choshen, and Mor Geva. 2023 · 2023
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Explaining how transformers use context to build predictions
Javier Ferrando, Gerard I. Gállego, Ioannis Tsiamas, and Marta R. Costa-jussà. 2023 · 2023
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Dissecting recall of factual associations in auto-regressive language models
Mor Geva, Jasmijn Bastings, Katja Filippova, and Amir Globerson. 2023 · 2023
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Finding neurons in a haystack: Case studies with sparse probing
Wes Gurnee, Neel Nanda, Matthew Pauly, Katherine Harvey, Dmitrii Troitskii, and Dimitris Bertsimas. 2023 · 2023
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Understanding transformer memorization recall through idioms
Adi Haviv, Ido Cohen, Jacob Gidron, Roei Schuster, Yoav Goldberg, and Mor Geva. 2023 · 2023
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In-context learning creates task vectors
Roee Hendel, Mor Geva, and Amir Globerson. 2023 · 2023
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Glot500: Scaling multilingual corpora and language models to 500 languages
Ayyoob ImaniGooghari, Peiqin Lin, Amir Hossein Kargaran, Silvia Severini, Masoud Jalili Sabet, Nora Kassner, Chunlan Ma, Helmut Schmid, André Martins, François Yvon, and Hinrich Schütze. 2023 · 2023
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Mini-model adaptation: Efficiently extending pretrained models to new languages via aligned shallow training
Kelly Marchisio, Patrick Lewis, Yihong Chen, and Mikel Artetxe. 2023 · 2023
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A mechanism for solving relational tasks in transformer language models
Jack Merullo, Carsten Eickhoff, and Ellie Pavlick. 2023 · 2023
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Interpretability in the wild: A circuit for indirect object identification in GPT-2 small
Kevin Ro Wang, Alexandre Variengien, Arthur Conmy, Buck Shlegeris, and Jacob Steinhardt. 2023 · 2023
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The impact of language adapters in cross-lingual transfer for nlu
Jenny Kunz and Oskar Holmström. 2024 · 2024
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