A possible late-time transition of $M_B$ inferred via neural networks

Understand

The strengthening of tensions in the cosmological parameters has led to a reconsideration of fundamental aspects of standard cosmology.

• The tension in the Hubble constant can also be viewed as a tension between local and early Universe constraints on the absolute magnitude $M_B$ of Type Ia supernova.
• In this work, we reconsider the possibility of a variation of this parameter in a model-independent way.
• We employ neural networks to agnostically constrain the value of the absolute magnitude as well as assess the impact and statistical significance of a variation in $M_B$ with redshift from the Pantheon+ compilation, together with a thorough analysis of the neural network architecture.