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Pre-trained language models (LMs) perform well in In-Topic setups, where training and testing data come from the same topics.
Roberta: A robustly optimized BERT pretraining approach
Yinhan Liu, Myle Ott, Naman Goyal, Jingfei Du, Mandar Joshi, Danqi Chen, Omer Levy, Mike Lewis, Luke Zettlemoyer, and Veselin Stoyanov. 2019 · 1907
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Visualizing data using t-sne
Laurens van der Maaten and Geoffrey E. Hinton. 2008 · 2008
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GloVe: Global vectors for word representation
Jeffrey Pennington, Richard Socher, and Christopher Manning. 2014 · 2014
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Which argument is more convincing? analyzing and predicting convincingness of web arguments using bidirectional LSTM
Ivan Habernal and Iryna Gurevych. 2016 · 2016
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What do neural machine translation models learn about morphology?
Yonatan Belinkov, Nadir Durrani, Fahim Dalvi, Hassan Sajjad, and James Glass. 2017 · 2017
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XNLI: Evaluating cross-lingual sentence representations
Alexis Conneau, Ruty Rinott, Guillaume Lample, Adina Williams, Samuel Bowman, Holger Schwenk, and Veselin Stoyanov. 2018b · 2018
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Dissecting contextual word embeddings: Architecture and representation
Matthew E. Peters, Mark Neumann, Luke Zettlemoyer, and Wen-tau Yih. 2018 · 2018
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Cross-topic argument mining from heterogeneous sources
Christian Stab, Tristan Miller, Benjamin Schiller, Pranav Rai, and Iryna Gurevych. 2018 · 2018
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GLUE: A multi-task benchmark and analysis platform for natural language understanding
Alex Wang, Amanpreet Singh, Julian Michael, Felix Hill, Omer Levy, and Samuel Bowman. 2018 · 2018
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BERT: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding
Jacob Devlin, Ming-Wei Chang, Kenton Lee, and Kristina Toutanova. 2019 · 2019
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Designing and interpreting probes with control tasks
John Hewitt and Percy Liang. 2019a · 2019
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Designing and interpreting probes with control tasks
John Hewitt and Percy Liang. 2019b · 2019
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A structural probe for finding syntax in word representations
John Hewitt and Christopher D. Manning. 2019 · 2019
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Decoupled weight decay regularization
Ilya Loshchilov and Frank Hutter. 2019 · 2019
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Language models are unsupervised multitask learners
Alec Radford, Jeff Wu, Rewon Child, David Luan, Dario Amodei, and Ilya Sutskever. 2019 · 2019
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What do you learn from context? probing for sentence structure in contextualized word representations
Ian Tenney, Patrick Xia, Berlin Chen, Alex Wang, Adam Poliak, R. Thomas McCoy, Najoung Kim, Benjamin Van Durme, Samuel R. Bowman, Dipanjan Das, and Ellie Pavlick. 2019b · 2019
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What do you learn from context? probing for sentence structure in contextualized word representations
Ian Tenney, Patrick Xia, Berlin Chen, Alex Wang, Adam Poliak, R. Thomas McCoy, Najoung Kim, Benjamin Van Durme, Samuel R. Bowman, Dipanjan Das, and Ellie Pavlick. 2019c · 2019
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Do NLP models know numbers? probing numeracy in embeddings
Eric Wallace, Yizhong Wang, Sujian Li, Sameer Singh, and Matt Gardner. 2019 · 2019
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Superglue: A stickier benchmark for general-purpose language understanding systems
Alex Wang, Yada Pruksachatkun, Nikita Nangia, Amanpreet Singh, Julian Michael, Felix Hill, Omer Levy, and Samuel Bowman. 2019 · 2019
Cited alongside, same era.
Zero-Shot Stance Detection: A Dataset and Model using Generalized Topic Representations
Emily Allaway and Kathleen McKeown. 2020 · 2020
Cited alongside, same era.
ELECTRA: pre-training text encoders as discriminators rather than generators
Kevin Clark, Minh-Thang Luong, Quoc V. Le, and Christopher D. Manning. 2020 · 2020
Cited alongside, same era.
Will-they-won’t-they: A very large dataset for stance detection on Twitter
Costanza Conforti, Jakob Berndt, Mohammad Taher Pilehvar, Chryssi Giannitsarou, Flavio Toxvaerd, and Nigel Collier. 2020 · 2020
Cited alongside, same era.
ALBERT: A lite BERT for self-supervised learning of language representations
Zhenzhong Lan, Mingda Chen, Sebastian Goodman, Kevin Gimpel, Piyush Sharma, and Radu Soricut. 2020 · 2020
Cited alongside, same era.
Probing the probing paradigm: Does probing accuracy entail task relevance?
Abhilasha Ravichander, Yonatan Belinkov, and Eduard H. Hovy. 2021 · 2021
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Is stance detection topic-independent and cross-topic generalizable? - a reproduction study
Myrthe Reuver, Suzan Verberne, Roser Morante, and Antske Fokkens. 2021 · 2021
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Temporal adaptation of BERT and performance on downstream document classification: Insights from social media
Paul Röttger and Janet Pierrehumbert. 2021 · 2021
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Towards out-of-distribution generalization: A survey
Zheyan Shen, Jiashuo Liu, Yue He, Xingxuan Zhang, Renzhe Xu, Han Yu, and Peng Cui. 2021 · 2021
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An autonomous debating system
Noam Slonim, Yonatan Bilu, Carlos Alzate, Roy Bar-Haim, Ben Bogin, Francesca Bonin, Leshem Choshen, Edo Cohen-Karlik, Lena Dankin, Lilach Edelstein, Liat Ein-Dor, Roni Friedman-Melamed, Assaf Gavron, Ariel Gera, Martin Gleize, Shai Gretz, Dan Gutfreund, Alon Halfon, Daniel Hershcovich, Ron Hoory, Yufang Hou, Shay Hummel, Michal Jacovi, Charles Jochim, Yoav Kantor, Yoav Katz, David Konopnicki, Zvi Kons, Lili Kotlerman, Dalia Krieger, Dan Lahav, Tamar Lavee, Ran Levy, Naftali Liberman, Yosi Mass, Amir Menczel, Shachar Mirkin, Guy Moshkowich, Shila Ofek-Koifman, Matan Orbach, Ella Rabinovich, Ruty Rinott, Slava Shechtman, Dafna Sheinwald, Eyal Shnarch, Ilya Shnayderman, Aya Soffer, Artem Spector, Benjamin Sznajder, Assaf Toledo, Orith Toledo-Ronen, Elad Venezian, and Ranit Aharonov. 2021 · 2021
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BART: Denoising sequence-to-sequence pre-training for natural language generation, translation, and comprehension
Mike Lewis, Yinhan Liu, Naman Goyal, Marjan Ghazvininejad, Abdelrahman Mohamed, Omer Levy, Veselin Stoyanov, and Luke Zettlemoyer. 2020 · 2020
Cited alongside, same era.
What happens to BERT embeddings during fine-tuning?
Amil Merchant, Elahe Rahimtoroghi, Ellie Pavlick, and Ian Tenney. 2020 · 2020
Cited alongside, same era.
On the Interplay Between Fine-tuning and Sentence-level Probing for Linguistic Knowledge in Pre-trained Transformers
Marius Mosbach, Anna Khokhlova, Michael A. Hedderich, and Dietrich Klakow. 2020 · 2020
Cited alongside, same era.
Information-theoretic probing for linguistic structure
Tiago Pimentel, Josef Valvoda, Rowan Hall Maudslay, Ran Zmigrod, Adina Williams, and Ryan Cotterell. 2020 · 2020
Cited alongside, same era.
oLMpics-On What Language Model Pre-training Captures
Alon Talmor, Yanai Elazar, Yoav Goldberg, and Jonathan Berant. 2020 · 2020
Cited alongside, same era.
Information-theoretic probing with minimum description length
Elena Voita and Ivan Titov. 2020a · 2020
Cited alongside, same era.
Information-theoretic probing with minimum description length
Elena Voita and Ivan Titov. 2020b · 2020
Cited alongside, same era.
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Spurious correlations in cross-topic argument mining
Terne Sasha Thorn Jakobsen, Maria Barrett, and Anders Søgaard. 2021 · 2021
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Fine-tuning can distort pretrained features and underperform out-of-distribution
Ananya Kumar, Aditi Raghunathan, Robbie Matthew Jones, Tengyu Ma, and Percy Liang. 2022a · 2022
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Fine-tuning can distort pretrained features and underperform out-of-distribution
Ananya Kumar, Aditi Raghunathan, Robbie Matthew Jones, Tengyu Ma, and Percy Liang. 2022b · 2022
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Probing for the usage of grammatical number
Karim Lasri, Tiago Pimentel, Alessandro Lenci, Thierry Poibeau, and Ryan Cotterell. 2022 · 2022
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Holistic evaluation of language models
Percy Liang, Rishi Bommasani, Tony Lee, Dimitris Tsipras, Dilara Soylu, Michihiro Yasunaga, Yian Zhang, Deepak Narayanan, Yuhuai Wu, Ananya Kumar, Benjamin Newman, Binhang Yuan, Bobby Yan, Ce Zhang, Christian Cosgrove, Christopher D. Manning, Christopher Ré, Diana Acosta-Navas, Drew A. Hudson, Eric Zelikman, Esin Durmus, Faisal Ladhak, Frieda Rong, Hongyu Ren, Huaxiu Yao, Jue Wang, Keshav Santhanam, Laurel J. Orr, Lucia Zheng, Mert Yüksekgönül, Mirac Suzgun, Nathan Kim, Neel Guha, Niladri S. Chatterji, Omar Khattab, Peter Henderson, Qian Huang, Ryan Chi, Sang Michael Xie, Shibani Santurkar, Surya Ganguli, Tatsunori Hashimoto, Thomas Icard, Tianyi Zhang, Vishrav Chaudhary, William Wang, Xuechen Li, Yifan Mai, Yuhui Zhang, and Yuta Koreeda. 2022 · 2022
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On the nature of BERT: correlating fine-tuning and linguistic competence
Federica Merendi, Felice Dell’Orletta, and Giulia Venturi. 2022 · 2022
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A closer look at how fine-tuning changes BERT
Yichu Zhou and Vivek Srikumar. 2022 · 2022
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OOD-probe: A neural interpretation of out-of-domain generalization
Zining Zhu, Soroosh Shahtalebi, and Frank Rudzicz. 2022 · 2022
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Pythia: A suite for analyzing large language models across training and scaling
Stella Biderman, Hailey Schoelkopf, Quentin Gregory Anthony, Herbie Bradley, Kyle O’Brien, Eric Hallahan, Mohammad Aflah Khan, Shivanshu Purohit, USVSN Sai Prashanth, Edward Raff, Aviya Skowron, Lintang Sutawika, and Oskar van der Wal. 2023 · 2023
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Llama 2: Open foundation and fine-tuned chat models
Hugo Touvron, Louis Martin, Kevin R. Stone, Peter Albert, Amjad Almahairi, Yasmine Babaei, Nikolay Bashlykov, Soumya Batra, Prajjwal Bhargava, Shruti Bhosale, Daniel M. Bikel, Lukas Blecher, Cristian Cantón Ferrer, Moya Chen, Guillem Cucurull, David Esiobu, Jude Fernandes, Jeremy Fu, Wenyin Fu, Brian Fuller, Cynthia Gao, Vedanuj Goswami, Naman Goyal, Anthony S. Hartshorn, Saghar Hosseini, Rui Hou, Hakan Inan, Marcin Kardas, Viktor Kerkez, Madian Khabsa, Isabel M. Kloumann, A. V. Korenev, Punit Singh Koura, Marie-Anne Lachaux, Thibaut Lavril, Jenya Lee, Diana Liskovich, Yinghai Lu, Yuning Mao, Xavier Martinet, Todor Mihaylov, Pushkar Mishra, Igor Molybog, Yixin Nie, Andrew Poulton, Jeremy Reizenstein, Rashi Rungta, Kalyan Saladi, Alan Schelten, Ruan Silva, Eric Michael Smith, R. Subramanian, Xia Tan, Binh Tang, Ross Taylor, Adina Williams, Jian Xiang Kuan, Puxin Xu, Zhengxu Yan, Iliyan Zarov, Yuchen Zhang, Angela Fan, Melanie Kambadur, Sharan Narang, Aurelien Rodriguez, Robert Stojnic, Sergey Edunov, and Thomas Scialom. 2023 · 2023
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Andreas Waldis and Iryna Gurevych. 2023 · 2023
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GLUE-X: Evaluating natural language understanding models from an out-of-distribution generalization perspective
Linyi Yang, Shuibai Zhang, Libo Qin, Yafu Li, Yidong Wang, Hanmeng Liu, Jindong Wang, Xing Xie, and Yue Zhang. 2023 · 2023
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Metaphors in pre-trained language models: Probing and generalization across datasets and languages
Ehsan Aghazadeh, Mohsen Fayyaz, and Yadollah Yaghoobzadeh. 2022 · 2050
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