Quark and gluon distributions in $\rho$-meson from basis light-front quantization

Understand

We solve for the $\rho$-meson's wave functions from a light-front QCD Hamiltonian determined for its constituent quark-antiquark and quark-antiquark-gluon Fock components, with a three-dimensional confinement using basis light-front quantization.

• From this, we obtain the leading-twist valence quark's parton distribution functions and transverse momentum-dependent parton distributions inside the $\rho$-meson.
• These results are qualitatively consistent with those of other models.
• We also demonstrate the important effects of a dynamical gluon on the $\rho$-meson's gluon densities, helicity, transversity, and tensor polarized distributions.