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2023

Covariant cosmography: the observer-dependence of the Hubble parameter

Maartens, Roy, Santiago, Jessica, Clarkson, Chris et al.

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The disagreement between low- and high-redshift measurements of the Hubble parameter is emerging as a serious challenge to the standard model of cosmology.

We develop a covariant cosmographic analysis of the Hubble parameter in a general spacetime, which is fully model-independent and can thus be used as part of a robust assessment of the tension.
Here our focus is not on the tension but on understanding the relation between the physical expansion rate and its measurement by observers -- which is critical for model-independent measurements and tests.
We define the physical Hubble parameter and its multipoles in a general spacetime and derive for the first time the covariant boost transformation of the multipoles measured by a heliocentric observer.

Covariant cosmography: the observer-dependence of the Hubble parameter · Around

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