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The interactive nature of Large Language Models (LLMs) theoretically allows models to refine and improve their answers, yet systematic analysis of the multi-turn behavior of LLMs remains limited.
Boolq: Exploring the surprising difficulty of natural yes/no questions
Christopher Clark, Kenton Lee, Ming-Wei Chang, Tom Kwiatkowski, Michael Collins, and Kristina Toutanova. 2019 · 1905
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Answer changing in multiple choice assessment change that answer when in doubt–and spread the word!
Daniel Bauer, Veronika Kopp, and Martin R Fischer. 2007 · 2007
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Measuring massive multitask language understanding
Dan Hendrycks, Collin Burns, Steven Basart, Andy Zou, Mantas Mazeika, Dawn Song, and Jacob Steinhardt. 2020 · 2009
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Is that your final answer? the effects of neutral queries on children’s choices
Aaron Gonzalez, Patrick Shafto, Elizabeth Baraff Bonawtiz, and Alison Gopnik. 2012 · 2012
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Deep reinforcement learning from human preferences
Paul F Christiano, Jan Leike, Tom Brown, Miljan Martic, Shane Legg, and Dario Amodei. 2017 · 2017
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Crowdsourcing multiple choice science questions
Matt Gardner Johannes Welbl, Nelson F. Liu. 2017 · 2017
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The benefit of a switch: Answer-changing on multiple-choice exams by first-year dental students
Sarah E Pagni, Anna G Bak, Steven E Eisen, Jennipher L Murphy, Matthew D Finkelman, and Gerard Kugel. 2017 · 2017
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Think you have solved question answering? try arc, the ai2 reasoning challenge
Peter Clark, Isaac Cowhey, Oren Etzioni, Tushar Khot, Ashish Sabharwal, Carissa Schoenick, and Oyvind Tafjord. 2018 · 2018
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Amrita Saha, Vardaan Pahuja, Mitesh M. Khapra, Karthik Sankaranarayanan, and A. P. Sarath Chandar. 2018 · 2018
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Should students change their answers on multiple choice questions?
Justin W Merry, Mary Kate Elenchin, and Renee N Surma. 2021 · 2021
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Constitutional ai: Harmlessness from ai feedback
Yuntao Bai, Saurav Kadavath, Sandipan Kundu, Amanda Askell, Jackson Kernion, Andy Jones, Anna Chen, Anna Goldie, Azalia Mirhoseini, Cameron McKinnon, et al. 2022 · 2022
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Palm: Scaling language modeling with pathways
Aakanksha Chowdhery, Sharan Narang, Jacob Devlin, Maarten Bosma, Gaurav Mishra, Adam Roberts, Paul Barham, Hyung Won Chung, Charles Sutton, Sebastian Gehrmann, Parker Schuh, Kensen Shi, Sasha Tsvyashchenko, Joshua Maynez, Abhishek Rao, Parker Barnes, Yi Tay, Noam M. Shazeer, Vinodkumar Prabhakaran, Emily Reif, Nan Du, Benton C. Hutchinson, Reiner Pope, James Bradbury, Jacob Austin, Michael Isard, Guy Gur-Ari, Pengcheng Yin, Toju Duke, Anselm Levskaya, Sanjay Ghemawat, Sunipa Dev, Henryk Michalewski, Xavier García, Vedant Misra, Kevin Robinson, Liam Fedus, Denny Zhou, Daphne Ippolito, David Luan, Hyeontaek Lim, Barret Zoph, Alexander Spiridonov, Ryan Sepassi, David Dohan, Shivani Agrawal, Mark Omernick, Andrew M. Dai, Thanumalayan Sankaranarayana Pillai, Marie Pellat, Aitor Lewkowycz, Erica Moreira, Rewon Child, Oleksandr Polozov, Katherine Lee, Zongwei Zhou, Xuezhi Wang, Brennan Saeta, Mark Díaz, Orhan Firat, Michele Catasta, Jason Wei, Kathleen S. Meier-Hellstern, Douglas Eck, Jeff Dean, Slav Petrov, and Noah Fiedel. 2022 · 2022
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Discord questions: A computational approach to diversity analysis in news coverage
Philippe Laban, Chien-Sheng Wu, Lidiya Murakhovs’ka, Xiang Chen, and Caiming Xiong. 2022 · 2022
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Truthfulqa: Measuring how models mimic human falsehoods
Stephanie Lin, Jacob Hilton, and Owain Evans. 2022 · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Discovering language model behaviors with model-written evaluations
Ethan Perez, Sam Ringer, Kamile Lukovsiute, Karina Nguyen, Edwin Chen, Scott Heiner, Craig Pettit, Catherine Olsson, Sandipan Kundu, Saurav Kadavath, Andy Jones, Anna Chen, Benjamin Mann, Brian Israel, Bryan Seethor, Cameron McKinnon, Christopher Olah, Daisong Yan, Daniela Amodei, Dario Amodei, Dawn Drain, Dustin Li, Eli Tran-Johnson, G R Khundadze, John Kernion, James McCauley Landis, Jamie Kerr, Jared Mueller, Jeeyoon Hyun, Joshua D. Landau, Kamal Ndousse, Landon Goldberg, Liane Lovitt, Martin Lucas, Michael Sellitto, Miranda Zhang, Neerav Kingsland, Nelson Elhage, Nicholas Joseph, Noem’i Mercado, Nova DasSarma, Oliver Rausch, Robin Larson, Sam McCandlish, Scott Johnston, Shauna Kravec, Sheer El Showk, Tamera Lanham, Timothy Telleen-Lawton, Tom B. Brown, T. J. Henighan, Tristan Hume, Yuntao Bai, Zac Hatfield-Dodds, Jack Clark, Sam Bowman, Amanda Askell, Roger C. Grosse, Danny Hernandez, Deep Ganguli, Evan Hubinger, Nicholas Schiefer, and Jared Kaplan. 2022 · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Self-consistency improves chain of thought reasoning in language models
Xuezhi Wang, Jason Wei, Dale Schuurmans, Quoc Le, Ed Huai hsin Chi, and Denny Zhou. 2022 · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Chain of thought prompting elicits reasoning in large language models
Self-refine: Iterative refinement with self-feedback
Aman Madaan, Niket Tandon, Prakhar Gupta, Skyler Hallinan, Luyu Gao, Sarah Wiegreffe, Uri Alon, Nouha Dziri, Shrimai Prabhumoye, Yiming Yang, Sean Welleck, Bodhisattwa Prasad Majumder, Shashank Gupta, Amir Yazdanbakhsh, and Peter Clark. 2023 · 2023
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Erik Nijkamp, Tian Xie, Hiroaki Hayashi, Bo Pang, Congying Xia, Chen Xing, Jesse Vig, Semih Yavuz, Philippe Laban, Ben Krause, Senthil Purushwalkam, Tong Niu, Wojciech Kry’sci’nski, Lidiya Murakhovs’ka, Prafulla Kumar Choubey, A. R. Fabbri, Ye Liu, Rui Meng, Lifu Tu, Meghana Moorthy Bhat, Chien-Sheng Wu, Silvio Savarese, Yingbo Zhou, Shafiq R. Joty, and Caiming Xiong. 2023 · 2023
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OpenAI. 2023 · 2023
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Llm is like a box of chocolates: the non-determinism of chatgpt in code generation
Shuyin Ouyang, Jie M Zhang, Mark Harman, and Meng Wang. 2023 · 2023
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Jason Wei, Xuezhi Wang, Dale Schuurmans, Maarten Bosma, Ed Huai hsin Chi, F. Xia, Quoc Le, and Denny Zhou. 2022 · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Beyond the imitation game: Quantifying and extrapolating the capabilities of language models
BIG bench authors. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Free dolly: Introducing the world’s first truly open instruction-tuned llm
Mike Conover, Matt Hayes, Ankit Mathur, Jianwei Xie, Jun Wan, Sam Shah, Ali Ghodsi, Patrick Wendell, Matei Zaharia, and Reynold Xin. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Improving factuality and reasoning in language models through multiagent debate
Yilun Du, Shuang Li, Antonio Torralba, Joshua B. Tenenbaum, and Igor Mordatch. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Legalbench: A collaboratively built benchmark for measuring legal reasoning in large language models
Neel Guha, Julian Nyarko, Daniel E Ho, Christopher Re, Adam Chilton, Aditya Narayana, Alex Chohlas-Wood, Austin Peters, Brandon Waldon, Daniel Rockmore, et al. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Do androids laugh at electric sheep? Humor “understanding” benchmarks from The New Yorker Caption Contest
Jack Hessel, Ana Marasović, Jena D. Hwang, Lillian Lee, Jeff Da, Rowan Zellers, Robert Mankoff, and Yejin Choi. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Albert Qiaochu Jiang, Alexandre Sablayrolles, Arthur Mensch, Chris Bamford, Devendra Singh Chaplot, Diego de Las Casas, Florian Bressand, Gianna Lengyel, Guillaume Lample, Lucile Saulnier, L’elio Renard Lavaud, Marie-Anne Lachaux, Pierre Stock, Teven Le Scao, Thibaut Lavril, Thomas Wang, Timothée Lacroix, and William El Sayed. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
On the intersection of self-correction and trust in language models
Satyapriya Krishna. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Llms as factual reasoners: Insights from existing benchmarks and beyond
Philippe Laban, Wojciech Kryściński, Divyansh Agarwal, Alexander R Fabbri, Caiming Xiong, Shafiq Joty, and Chien-Sheng Wu. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Refiner: Reasoning feedback on intermediate representations
Debjit Paul, Mete Ismayilzada, Maxime Peyrard, Beatriz Borges, Antoine Bosselut, Robert West, and Boi Faltings. 2023 · 2023
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Guilherme Penedo, Quentin Malartic, Daniel Hesslow, Ruxandra Cojocaru, Alessandro Cappelli, Hamza Alobeidli, Baptiste Pannier, Ebtesam Almazrouei, and Julien Launay. 2023 · 2023
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Direct preference optimization: Your language model is secretly a reward model
Rafael Rafailov, Archit Sharma, Eric Mitchell, Stefano Ermon, Christopher D Manning, and Chelsea Finn. 2023 · 2023
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Towards understanding sycophancy in language models
Mrinank Sharma, Meg Tong, Tomasz Korbak, David Kristjanson Duvenaud, Amanda Askell, Samuel R. Bowman, Newton Cheng, Esin Durmus, Zac Hatfield-Dodds, Scott Johnston, Shauna Kravec, Tim Maxwell, Sam McCandlish, Kamal Ndousse, Oliver Rausch, Nicholas Schiefer, Da Yan, Miranda Zhang, and Ethan Perez. 2023 · 2023
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Understanding factual errors in summarization: Errors, summarizers, datasets, error detectors
Liyan Tang, Tanya Goyal, Alexander R Fabbri, Philippe Laban, Jiacheng Xu, Semih Yahvuz, Wojciech Kryściński, Justin F Rousseau, and Greg Durrett. 2022 · 2023
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Gemini: a family of highly capable multimodal models
Gemini Team, Rohan Anil, Sebastian Borgeaud, Yonghui Wu, Jean-Baptiste Alayrac, Jiahui Yu, Radu Soricut, Johan Schalkwyk, Andrew M Dai, Anja Hauth, et al. 2023 · 2023
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Llama 2: Open foundation and fine-tuned chat models
Hugo Touvron, Louis Martin, Kevin R. Stone, Peter Albert, Amjad Almahairi, Yasmine Babaei, Nikolay Bashlykov, Soumya Batra, Prajjwal Bhargava, Shruti Bhosale, Daniel M. Bikel, Lukas Blecher, Cristian Cantón Ferrer, Moya Chen, Guillem Cucurull, David Esiobu, Jude Fernandes, Jeremy Fu, Wenyin Fu, Brian Fuller, Cynthia Gao, Vedanuj Goswami, Naman Goyal, Anthony S. Hartshorn, Saghar Hosseini, Rui Hou, Hakan Inan, Marcin Kardas, Viktor Kerkez, Madian Khabsa, Isabel M. Kloumann, A. V. Korenev, Punit Singh Koura, Marie-Anne Lachaux, Thibaut Lavril, Jenya Lee, Diana Liskovich, Yinghai Lu, Yuning Mao, Xavier Martinet, Todor Mihaylov, Pushkar Mishra, Igor Molybog, Yixin Nie, Andrew Poulton, Jeremy Reizenstein, Rashi Rungta, Kalyan Saladi, Alan Schelten, Ruan Silva, Eric Michael Smith, R. Subramanian, Xia Tan, Binh Tang, Ross Taylor, Adina Williams, Jian Xiang Kuan, Puxin Xu, Zhengxu Yan, Iliyan Zarov, Yuchen Zhang, Angela Fan, Melanie Kambadur, Sharan Narang, Aurelien Rodriguez, Robert Stojnic, Sergey Edunov, and Thomas Scialom. 2023 · 2023
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Simple synthetic data reduces sycophancy in large language models
Jerry W. Wei, Da Huang, Yifeng Lu, Denny Zhou, and Quoc V. Le. 2023 · 2023
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