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Language models (LMs) have already demonstrated remarkable abilities in understanding and generating both natural and formal language.
Bleu: a method for automatic evaluation of machine translation
Kishore Papineni, Salim Roukos, Todd Ward, and Wei-Jing Zhu. 2002 · 2002
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Automatic evaluation of machine translation quality using longest common subsequence and skip-bigram statistics
Chin-Yew Lin and Franz Josef Och. 2004 · 2004
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Freebase: a collaboratively created graph database for structuring human knowledge
Kurt D. Bollacker, Colin Evans, Praveen K. Paritosh, Tim Sturge, and Jamie Taylor. 2008 · 2008
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The probabilistic relevance framework: BM25 and beyond
Stephen Robertson, Hugo Zaragoza, et al. 2009 · 2009
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Semantic parsing on Freebase from question-answer pairs
Jonathan Berant, Andrew Chou, Roy Frostig, and Percy Liang. 2013 · 2013
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Wikidata: a free collaborative knowledgebase
Denny Vrandecic and Markus Krötzsch. 2014 · 2014
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Large-scale simple question answering with memory networks
Antoine Bordes, Nicolas Usunier, Sumit Chopra, and Jason Weston. 2015 · 2015
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On generating characteristic-rich question sets for QA evaluation
Yu Su, Huan Sun, Brian M. Sadler, Mudhakar Srivatsa, Izzeddin Gur, Zenghui Yan, and Xifeng Yan. 2016 · 2016
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The value of semantic parse labeling for knowledge base question answering
Wen-tau Yih, Matthew Richardson, Christopher Meek, Ming-Wei Chang, and Jina Suh. 2016 · 2016
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Learning to paraphrase for question answering
Li Dong, Jonathan Mallinson, Siva Reddy, and Mirella Lapata. 2017 · 2017
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Universal semantic parsing
Siva Reddy, Oscar Täckström, Slav Petrov, Mark Steedman, and Mirella Lapata. 2017 · 2017
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LC-QuAD: A corpus for complex question answering over knowledge graphs
Priyansh Trivedi, Gaurav Maheshwari, Mohnish Dubey, and Jens Lehmann. 2017 · 2017
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The web as a knowledge-base for answering complex questions
Alon Talmor and Jonathan Berant. 2018 · 2018
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BERT: pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding
Jacob Devlin, Ming-Wei Chang, Kenton Lee, and Kristina Toutanova. 2019 · 2019
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LC-QuAD 2.0: A large dataset for complex question answering over wikidata and dbpedia
Mohnish Dubey, Debayan Banerjee, Abdelrahman Abdelkawi, and Jens Lehmann. 2019 · 2019
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How question generation can help question answering over knowledge base
Sen Hu, Lei Zou, and Zhanxing Zhu. 2019 · 2019
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Pytorch: An imperative style, high-performance deep learning library
Adam Paszke, Sam Gross, Francisco Massa, Adam Lerer, James Bradbury, Gregory Chanan, Trevor Killeen, Zeming Lin, Natalia Gimelshein, Luca Antiga, Alban Desmaison, Andreas Kopf, Edward Yang, Zachary DeVito, Martin Raison, Alykhan Tejani, Sasank Chilamkurthy, Benoit Steiner, Lu Fang, Junjie Bai, and Soumith Chintala. 2019 · 2019
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Learning representation mapping for relation detection in knowledge base question answering
Peng Wu, Shujian Huang, Rongxiang Weng, Zaixiang Zheng, Jianbing Zhang, Xiaohui Yan, and Jiajun Chen. 2019 · 2019
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Knowledge-enriched, type-constrained and grammar-guided question generation over knowledge bases
Sheng Bi, Xiya Cheng, Yuan-Fang Li, Yongzhen Wang, and Guilin Qi. 2020 · 2020
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Measuring compositional generalization: A comprehensive method on realistic data
Daniel Keysers, Nathanael Schärli, Nathan Scales, Hylke Buisman, Daniel Furrer, Sergii Kashubin, Nikola Momchev, Danila Sinopalnikov, Lukasz Stafiniak, Tibor Tihon, Dmitry Tsarkov, Xiao Wang, Marc van Zee, and Olivier Bousquet. 2020 · 2020
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Exploring the limits of transfer learning with a unified text-to-text transformer
Colin Raffel, Noam Shazeer, Adam Roberts, Katherine Lee, Sharan Narang, Michael Matena, Yanqi Zhou, Wei Li, and Peter J. Liu. 2020 · 2020
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SPARQA: skeleton-based semantic parsing for complex questions over knowledge bases
Yawei Sun, Lingling Zhang, Gong Cheng, and Yuzhong Qu. 2020 · 2020
Complex knowledge base question answering: A survey
Yunshi Lan, Gaole He, Jinhao Jiang, Jing Jiang, Wayne Xin Zhao, and Ji-Rong Wen. 2022 · 2022
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Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback
Long Ouyang, Jeff Wu, Xu Jiang, Diogo Almeida, Carroll L Wainwright, Pamela Mishkin, Chong Zhang, Sandhini Agarwal, Katarina Slama, Alex Ray, et al. 2022 · 2022
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Revisiting the compositional generalization abilities of neural sequence models
Arkil Patel, Satwik Bhattamishra, Phil Blunsom, and Navin Goyal. 2022 · 2022
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QALD-9-plus: A multilingual dataset for question answering over dbpedia and wikidata translated by native speakers
Aleksandr Perevalov, Dennis Diefenbach, Ricardo Usbeck, and Andreas Both. 2022 · 2022
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TIARA: Multi-grained retrieval for robust question answering over large knowledge base
Yiheng Shu, Zhiwei Yu, Yuhan Li, Börje Karlsson, Tingting Ma, Yuzhong Qu, and Chin-Yew Lin. 2022 · 2022
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ReTraCk: A flexible and efficient framework for knowledge base question answering
Shuang Chen, Qian Liu, Zhiwei Yu, Chin-Yew Lin, Jian-Guang Lou, and Feng Jiang. 2021b · 2021
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Case-based reasoning for natural language queries over knowledge bases
Rajarshi Das, Manzil Zaheer, Dung Thai, Ameya Godbole, Ethan Perez, Jay Yoon Lee, Lizhen Tan, Lazaros Polymenakos, and Andrew McCallum. 2021 · 2021
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Beyond I.I.D.: three levels of generalization for question answering on knowledge bases
Yu Gu, Sue Kase, Michelle Vanni, Brian Sadler, Percy Liang, Xifeng Yan, and Yu Su. 2021 · 2021
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The many faces of robustness: A critical analysis of out-of-distribution generalization
Dan Hendrycks, Steven Basart, Norman Mu, Saurav Kadavath, Frank Wang, Evan Dorundo, Rahul Desai, Tyler Lixuan Zhu, Samyak Parajuli, Mike Guo, Dawn Xiaodong Song, Jacob Steinhardt, and Justin Gilmer. 2020 · 2021
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EDG-based question decomposition for complex question answering over knowledge bases
Xixin Hu, Yiheng Shu, Xiang Huang, and Yuzhong Qu. 2021 · 2021
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KQA Pro: A dataset with explicit compositional programs for complex question answering over knowledge base
Shulin Cao, Jiaxin Shi, Liangming Pan, Lunyiu Nie, Yutong Xiang, Lei Hou, Juanzi Li, Bin He, and Hanwang Zhang. 2022a · 2022
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Program transfer for answering complex questions over knowledge bases
Shulin Cao, Jiaxin Shi, Zijun Yao, Xin Lv, Jifan Yu, Lei Hou, Juanzi Li, Zhiyuan Liu, and Jinghui Xiao. 2022b · 2022
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Chain-of-thought prompting elicits reasoning in large language models
Jason Wei, Xuezhi Wang, Dale Schuurmans, Maarten Bosma, Brian Ichter, Fei Xia, Ed H. Chi, Quoc V. Le, and Denny Zhou. 2022 · 2022
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RNG-KBQA: Generation augmented iterative ranking for knowledge base question answering
Xi Ye, Semih Yavuz, Kazuma Hashimoto, Yingbo Zhou, and Caiming Xiong. 2022 · 2022
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DecAF: Joint decoding of answers and logical forms for question answering over knowledge bases
Donghan Yu, Sheng Zhang, Patrick Ng, Henghui Zhu, Alexander Hanbo Li, Jun Wang, Yiqun Hu, William Wang, Zhiguo Wang, and Bing Xiang. 2022 · 2022
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Question decomposition tree for answering complex questions over knowledge bases
Xiang Huang, Sitao Cheng, Yiheng Shu, Yuheng Bao, and Yuzhong Qu. 2023 · 2023
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Few-shot in-context learning for knowledge base question answering
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Agentbench: Evaluating llms as agents
Xiao Liu, Hao Yu, Hanchen Zhang, Yifan Xu, Xuanyu Lei, Hanyu Lai, Yu Gu, Yuxian Gu, Hangliang Ding, Kai Men, Kejuan Yang, Shudan Zhang, Xiang Deng, Aohan Zeng, Zhengxiao Du, Chenhui Zhang, Shengqi Shen, Tianjun Zhang, Yu Su, Huan Sun, Minlie Huang, Yuxiao Dong, and Jie Tang. 2023 · 2023
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Toolformer: Language models can teach themselves to use tools
Timo Schick, Jane Dwivedi-Yu, Roberto Dessì, Roberta Raileanu, Maria Lomeli, Luke Zettlemoyer, Nicola Cancedda, and Thomas Scialom. 2023 · 2023
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Language agents: a critical evolutionary step of artificial intelligence
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Llama 2: Open foundation and fine-tuned chat models
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Small models are valuable plug-ins for large language models
Canwen Xu, Yichong Xu, Shuohang Wang, Yang Liu, Chenguang Zhu, and Julian McAuley. 2023 · 2023
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