Magnification and evolution bias of transient sources: GWs and SNIa

Understand

Third-generation gravitational wave (GW) observatories such as the Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer, together with the LSST survey at the Vera Rubin Observatory, will yield an abundance of extra-galactic transient objects.

• This opens the exciting possibility of using GW sources and Supernovae Type Ia (SNIa) as luminosity distance tracers of large-scale structure for the first time.
• The large volumes accessible to these surveys imply that we may need to include relativistic corrections, such as lensing and Doppler magnification.
• However, the amplitude of these effects depends on the magnification and evolution biases of the transient sources, which are not yet understood.