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Fact checking can be an effective strategy against misinformation, but its implementation at scale is impeded by the overwhelming volume of information online.
Release strategies and the social impacts of language models
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Fake news detection on social media: A data mining perspective
Kai Shu, Amy Sliva, Suhang Wang, Jiliang Tang, and Huan Liu · 1931
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G*power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences
Franz Faul, Egon Erdfelder, Achim-Gerd Lang, and Axel Buchner · 2007
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The MAIN model: A heuristic approach to understanding technology effects on credibility
S. Shyam Sundar · 2008
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Advancing warranting theory
David C. DeAndrea · 2014
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Computational fact checking from knowledge networks
Giovanni Luca Ciampaglia, Prashant Shiralkar, Luis M. Rocha, Johan Bollen, Filippo Menczer, and Alessandro Flammini · 2015
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Misinformed about the affordable care act? leveraging certainty to assess the prevalence of misperceptions
Josh Pasek, Gaurav Sood, and Jon A. Krosnick · 2015
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“like having a really bad PA”: The gulf between user expectation and experience of conversational agents
Ewa Luger and Abigail Sellen · 2016
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Beyond misinformation: Understanding and coping with the “post-truth” era
Stephan Lewandowsky, Ullrich KH Ecker, and John Cook · 2017
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Inoculating the public against misinformation about climate change
Sander Van der Linden, Anthony Leiserowitz, Seth Rosenthal, and Edward Maibach · 2017
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Toward automated fact-checking: Detecting check-worthy factual claims by claimbuster
Naeemul Hassan, Fatma Arslan, Chengkai Li, and Mark Tremayne · 2017
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The science of fake news
David M. J. Lazer, Matthew A. Baum, Yochai Benkler, Adam J. Berinsky, Kelly M. Greenhill, Filippo Menczer, Miriam J. Metzger, Brendan Nyhan, Gordon Pennycook, David Rothschild, Michael Schudson, Steven A. Sloman, Cass R. Sunstein, Emily A. Thorson, Duncan J. Watts, and Jonathan L. Zittrain · 2018
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Social media, political polarization, and political disinformation: A review of the scientific literature
Joshua A Tucker, Andrew Guess, Pablo Barberá, Cristian Vaccari, Alexandra Siegel, Sergey Sanovich, Denis Stukal, and Brendan Nyhan · 2018
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Understanding the promise and limits of automated fact-checking
D Graves · 2018
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Lazy, not biased: Susceptibility to partisan fake news is better explained by lack of reasoning than by motivated reasoning
Gordon Pennycook and David G Rand · 2018
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Fact-checking: A meta-analysis of what works and for whom
Nathan Walter, Jonathan Cohen, R Lance Holbert, and Yasmin Morag · 2019
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Machine heuristic: When we trust computers more than humans with our personal information
S. Shyam Sundar and Jinyoung Kim · 2019
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The implied truth effect: Attaching warnings to a subset of fake news headlines increases perceived accuracy of headlines without warnings
Gordon Pennycook, Adam Bear, Evan T Collins, and David G Rand · 2019
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Taking fact-checks literally but not seriously? The effects of journalistic fact-checking on factual beliefs and candidate favorability
Brendan Nyhan, Ethan Porter, Jason Reifler, and Thomas J Wood · 2020
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Effects of credibility indicators on social media news sharing intent
Waheeb Yaqub, Otari Kakhidze, Morgan L. Brockman, Nasir Memon, and Sameer Patil · 2020
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Language models as fact checkers?
Nayeon Lee, Belinda Z. Li, Sinong Wang, Wen-tau Yih, Hao Ma, and Madian Khabsa · 2020
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A survey of fake news: Fundamental theories, detection methods, and opportunities
Xinyi Zhou and Reza Zafarani · 2020
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Language models are few-shot learners
Tom Brown, Benjamin Mann, Nick Ryder, Melanie Subbiah, Jared D Kaplan, Prafulla Dhariwal, Arvind Neelakantan, Pranav Shyam, Girish Sastry, Amanda Askell, Sandhini Agarwal, Ariel Herbert-Voss, Gretchen Krueger, Tom Henighan, Rewon Child, Aditya Ramesh, Daniel Ziegler, Jeffrey Wu, Clemens Winter, Chris Hesse, Mark Chen, Eric Sigler, Mateusz Litwin, Scott Gray, Benjamin Chess, Jack Clark, Christopher Berner, Sam McCandlish, Alec Radford, Ilya Sutskever, and Dario Amodei · 2020
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AI-mediated communication: Definition, research agenda, and ethical considerations
Jeffrey T. Hancock, Mor Naaman, and Karen Levy · 2020
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Rise of machine agency: A framework for studying the psychology of human–AI interaction (HAII)
S Shyam Sundar · 2020
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Exploring user expectations of proactive AI systems
Christian Meurisch, Cristina A. Mihale-Wilson, Adrian Hawlitschek, Florian Giger, Florian Müller, Oliver Hinz, and Max Mühlhäuser · 2020
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No explainability without accountability: An empirical study of explanations and feedback in interactive ML
Alison Smith-Renner, Ron Fan, Melissa Birchfield, Tongshuang Wu, Jordan Boyd-Graber, Daniel S. Weld, and Leah Findlater · 2020
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Effect of confidence and explanation on accuracy and trust calibration in AI-assisted decision making
Yunfeng Zhang, Q. Vera Liao, and Rachel K. E. Bellamy · 2020
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Self-reported willingness to share political news articles in online surveys correlates with actual sharing on twitter
Mohsen Mosleh, Gordon Pennycook, and David G. Rand · 2020
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Retrieval-augmented generation for knowledge-intensive NLP tasks
Patrick Lewis, Ethan Perez, Aleksandra Piktus, Fabio Petroni, Vladimir Karpukhin, Naman Goyal, Heinrich Küttler, Mike Lewis, Wen-tau Yih, Tim Rocktäschel, Sebastian Riedel, and Douwe Kiela · 2020
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Research note: Fighting misinformation or fighting for information?
Alberto Acerbi, Sacha Altay, and Hugo Mercier · 2020
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The presence of unexpected biases in online fact-checking
Sungkyu Park, Jaimie Yejean Park, Jeong-han Kang, and Meeyoung Cha · 2020
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Explainable automated fact-checking: A survey
Neema Kotonya and Francesca Toni · 2020
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In generative AI we trust: Can chatbots effectively verify political information?
Elizaveta Kuznetsova, Mykola Makhortykh, Victoria Vziatysheva, Martha Stolze, Ani Baghumyan, and Aleksandra Urman · 2023
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Reinforcement learning-based counter-misinformation response generation: A case study of COVID-19 vaccine misinformation
Bing He, Mustaque Ahamad, and Srijan Kumar · 2023
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Rohan Taori, Ishaan Gulrajani, Tianyi Zhang, Yann Dubois, Xuechen Li, Carlos Guestrin, Percy Liang, and Tatsunori B. Hashimoto · 2023
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Mike Conover, Matt Hayes, Ankit Mathur, Xiangrui Meng, Jianwei Xie, Jun Wan, Ali Ghodsi, Patrick Wendell, and Matei Zaharia · 2023
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ChatGPT fact-checking as a misinformation intervention
Matthew R. DeVerna, Harry Yaojun Yan, Kai-Cheng Yang, and Filippo Menczer · 2023
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Jianing Li and Michael W. Wagner · 2020
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Measuring the impact of COVID-19 vaccine misinformation on vaccination intent in the uk and usa
Sahil Loomba, Alexandre de Figueiredo, Simon J Piatek, Kristen de Graaf, and Heidi J Larson · 2021
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Political psychology in the digital (mis)information age: A model of news belief and sharing
Jay J Van Bavel, Elizabeth A Harris, Philip Pärnamets, Steve Rathje, Kimberly C Doell, and Joshua A Tucker · 2021
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Timing matters when correcting fake news
Nadia M Brashier, Gordon Pennycook, Adam J Berinsky, and David G Rand · 2021
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The global effectiveness of fact-checking: Evidence from simultaneous experiments in argentina, nigeria, south africa, and the united kingdom
Ethan Porter and Thomas J. Wood · 2021
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The psychology of fake news
Gordon Pennycook and David G Rand · 2021
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Automated fact-checking for assisting human fact-checkers
Preslav Nakov, David Corney, Maram Hasanain, Firoj Alam, Tamer Elsayed, Alberto Barrón-Cedeño, Paolo Papotti, Shaden Shaar, and Giovanni Da San Martino · 2021
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How to think about whether misinformation interventions work
Brian Guay, Adam Berinsky, Gordon Pennycook, and David Rand · 2023
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OpenAI · 2023
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The perils and promises of fact-checking with large language models
Dorian Quelle and Alexandre Bovet · 2024
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Correcting misinformation on social media with a large language model
Xinyi Zhou, Ashish Sharma, Amy X. Zhang, and Tim Althoff · 2024
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Rumors in retweet: Ideological asymmetry in the failure to correct misinformation
Matthew R. DeVerna, Andrew M. Guess, Adam J. Berinsky, Joshua A. Tucker, and John T. Jost · 2024
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AI can help people feel heard, but an AI label diminishes this impact
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Anatomy of an AI-powered malicious social botnet
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How persuasive is AI-generated propaganda?
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Combating misinformation: A megastudy of nine interventions designed to reduce the sharing of and belief in false and misleading headlines
Lisa Fazio, David Rand, Stephan Lewandowsky, Mark Susmann, Adam J. Berinsky, Andrew Guess, Panayiota Kendeou, Benjamin Lyons, Joanne Miller, Eryn Newman, Gordon Pennycook, and Briony Swire-Thompson · 2024
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