Failed supernova simulations beyond black hole formation

Understand

We present an axisymmetric failed supernova simulation beyond black hole formation, for the first time with numerical relativity and two-moment multi energy neutrino transport.

• To ensure stable numerical evolution, we use an excision method for neutrino radiation-hydrodynamics within the inner part of black hole domain.
• We demonstrate that our excision method is capable to stably evolve the radiation-hydrodynamics in dynamical black hole spacetime.
• As a remarkable signature of the final moment of PNS, we find the emergence of high energy neutrinos.