Probing the high temperature symmetry breaking with gravitational waves from domain walls

Understand

The symmetry can be broken at high temperature and then restored at low temperature, which is the so-called \emph{high temperature symmetry breaking}.

• It often appears in some theories such as the high scale electroweak baryogenesis mechanism.
• In this paper, we probe the high temperature $\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetry breaking with gravitational waves (GWs) from domain wall annihilation.
• We first introduce a scalar with $\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetry and few of singlet fermions that interact with scalar through a five-dimension operator.