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2023

NANOGrav signal from axion inflation

Niu, Xuce, Rahat, Moinul Hossain

Understand

Several pulsar timing arrays including NANOGrav, EPTA, PPTA, and CPTA have recently reported the observation of a stochastic background of gravitational wave spectrum in the nano-Hz frequencies.

An inflationary interpretation of this observation is challenging from various aspects.
We report that such a signal can arise from the Chern-Simons coupling in axion inflation, where a pseudoscalar inflaton couples to a (massive) $U(1)$ gauge field, leading to efficient production of a transverse gauge mode.
Such tachyonic particle production during inflation exponentially enhances the primordial perturbations and leads to a unique parity-violating gravitational wave spectrum, that remains flat near the CMB scales but becomes blue-tilted at smaller scales.