Performance Analysis and Evaluation of Post Quantum Secure Blockchained Federated Learning

Understand

Post-quantum security is critical in the quantum era.

• Quantum computers, along with quantum algorithms, make the standard cryptography based on RSA or ECDSA over FL or Blockchain vulnerable.
• The implementation of post-quantum cryptography (PQC) over such systems is poorly understood as PQC is still in its standardization phase.
• In this work, we propose a hybrid approach to employ PQC over blockchain-based FL (BFL), where we combine a stateless signature scheme like Dilithium (or Falcon) with a stateful hash-based signature scheme like the extended Merkle Signature Scheme (XMSS).