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In the last year alone, a surge of new benchmarks to measure compositional understanding of vision-language models have permeated the machine learning ecosystem.
Some controversial questions in phonological theory
Noam Chomsky and Morris Halle · 1965
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Logics and languages
MJ Cresswell · 1973
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Compositionality
Theo MV Janssen and Barbara H Partee · 1997
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Imagenet: A large-scale hierarchical image database
Jia Deng, Wei Dong, Richard Socher, Li-Jia Li, K. Li, and Li Fei-Fei · 2009
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From machine learning to machine reasoning
Léon Bottou · 2014
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Microsoft coco: Common objects in context
Tsung-Yi Lin, Michael Maire, Serge Belongie, James Hays, Pietro Perona, Deva Ramanan, Piotr Dollár, and C Lawrence Zitnick · 2014
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Visual relationship detection with language priors
Cewu Lu, Ranjay Krishna, Michael Bernstein, and Li Fei-Fei · 2016
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Visual genome: Connecting language and vision using crowdsourced dense image annotations
Ranjay Krishna, Yuke Zhu, Oliver Groth, Justin Johnson, Kenji Hata, Joshua Kravitz, Stephanie Chen, Yannis Kalantidis, Li-Jia Li, David A Shamma, et al · 2017
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Annotation artifacts in natural language inference data
Suchin Gururangan, Swabha Swayamdipta, Omer Levy, Roy Schwartz, Samuel R Bowman, and Noah A Smith · 2018
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Swag: A large-scale adversarial dataset for grounded commonsense inference
Rowan Zellers, Yonatan Bisk, Roy Schwartz, and Yejin Choi · 2018
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Compositionality decomposed: How do neural networks generalise?
Dieuwke Hupkes, Verna Dankers, Mathijs Mul, and Elia Bruni · 2020
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Action genome: Actions as compositions of spatio-temporal scene graphs
Jingwei Ji, Ranjay Krishna, Li Fei-Fei, and Juan Carlos Niebles · 2020
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Adversarial filters of dataset biases
Ronan Le Bras, Swabha Swayamdipta, Chandra Bhagavatula, Rowan Zellers, Matthew Peters, Ashish Sabharwal, and Yejin Choi · 2020
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Textattack: A framework for adversarial attacks, data augmentation, and adversarial training in nlp
John Morris, Eli Lifland, Jin Yong Yoo, Jake Grigsby, Di Jin, and Yanjun Qi · 2020
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Agqa: A benchmark for compositional spatio-temporal reasoning
Madeleine Grunde-McLaughlin, Ranjay Krishna, and Maneesh Agrawala · 2021
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Openclip, July 2021
Gabriel Ilharco, Mitchell Wortsman, Ross Wightman, Cade Gordon, Nicholas Carlini, Rohan Taori, Achal Dave, Vaishaal Shankar, Hongseok Namkoong, John Miller, Hannaneh Hajishirzi, Ali Farhadi, and Ludwig Schmidt · 2021
Cited alongside, same era.
Learning transferable visual models from natural language supervision
Alec Radford, Jong Wook Kim, Chris Hallacy, Aditya Ramesh, Gabriel Goh, Sandhini Agarwal, Girish Sastry, Amanda Askell, Pamela Mishkin, Jack Clark, Gretchen Krueger, and Ilya Sutskever · 2021
Cited alongside, same era.
Winogrande: An adversarial winograd schema challenge at scale
Keisuke Sakaguchi, Ronan Le Bras, Chandra Bhagavatula, and Yejin Choi · 2021
Cited alongside, same era.
Flamingo: a visual language model for few-shot learning
Jean-Baptiste Alayrac, Jeff Donahue, Pauline Luc, Antoine Miech, Iain Barr, Yana Hasson, Karel Lenc, Arthur Mensch, Katherine Millican, Malcolm Reynolds, et al · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Easily accessible text-to-image generation amplifies demographic stereotypes at large scale
Federico Bianchi, Pratyusha Kalluri, Esin Durmus, Faisal Ladhak, Myra Cheng, Debora Nozza, Tatsunori Hashimoto, Dan Jurafsky, James Zou, and Aylin Caliskan · 2022
Winoground: Probing vision and language models for visio-linguistic compositionality
Tristan Thrush, Ryan Jiang, Max Bartolo, Amanpreet Singh, Adina Williams, Douwe Kiela, and Candace Ross · 2022
Later among the works it cites.
Omnivl: One foundation model for image-language and video-language tasks
Junke Wang, Dongdong Chen, Zuxuan Wu, Chong Luo, Luowei Zhou, Yucheng Zhao, Yujia Xie, Ce Liu, Yu-Gang Jiang, and Lu Yuan · 2022
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Image as a foreign language: Beit pretraining for all vision and vision-language tasks
Wenhui Wang, Hangbo Bao, Li Dong, Johan Bjorck, Zhiliang Peng, Qiang Liu, Kriti Aggarwal, Owais Khan Mohammed, Saksham Singhal, Subhojit Som, et al · 2022
Later among the works it cites.
Lit: Zero-shot transfer with locked-image text tuning
Xiaohua Zhai, Xiao Wang, Basil Mustafa, Andreas Steiner, Daniel Keysers, Alexander Kolesnikov, and Lucas Beyer · 2022
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Vl-checklist: Evaluating pre-trained vision-language models with objects, attributes and relations
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Cited alongside, same era.
Pali: A jointly-scaled multilingual language-image model
Xi Chen, Xiao Wang, Soravit Changpinyo, AJ Piergiovanni, Piotr Padlewski, Daniel Salz, Sebastian Goodman, Adam Grycner, Basil Mustafa, Lucas Beyer, et al · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Dall-eval: Probing the reasoning skills and social biases of text-to-image generative transformers
Jaemin Cho, Abhay Zala, and Mohit Bansal · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Why is winoground hard? investigating failures in visuolinguistic compositionality
Anuj Diwan, Layne Berry, Eunsol Choi, David Harwath, and Kyle Mahowald · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
BLIP: bootstrapping language-image pre-training for unified vision-language understanding and generation
Junnan Li, Dongxu Li, Caiming Xiong, and Steven C. H. Hoi · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Crepe: Can vision-language foundation models reason compositionally?
Zixian Ma, Jerry Hong, Mustafa Omer Gul, Mona Gandhi, Irena Gao, and Ranjay Krishna · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Data cards: Purposeful and transparent dataset documentation for responsible ai
Mahima Pushkarna, Andrew Zaldivar, and Oddur Kjartansson · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Hierarchical text-conditional image generation with clip latents
Aditya Ramesh, Prafulla Dhariwal, Alex Nichol, Casey Chu, and Mark Chen · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Tiancheng Zhao, Tianqi Zhang, Mingwei Zhu, Haozhan Shen, Kyusong Lee, Xiaopeng Lu, and Jianwei Yin · 2022
Later among the works it cites.
Going beyond nouns with vision & language models using synthetic data, 2023
Paola Cascante-Bonilla, Khaled Shehada, James Seale Smith, Sivan Doveh, Donghyun Kim, Rameswar Panda, Gül Varol, Aude Oliva, Vicente Ordonez, Rogerio Feris, and Leonid Karlinsky · 2023
Closest in time.
Teaching structured vision & language concepts to vision & language models
Sivan Doveh, Assaf Arbelle, Sivan Harary, Eli Schwartz, Roei Herzig, Raja Giryes, Rogerio Feris, Rameswar Panda, Shimon Ullman, and Leonid Karlinsky · 2023
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Datacomp: In search of the next generation of multimodal datasets
Samir Yitzhak Gadre, Gabriel Ilharco, Alex Fang, Jonathan Hayase, Georgios Smyrnis, Thao Nguyen, Ryan Marten, Mitchell Wortsman, Dhruba Ghosh, Jieyu Zhang, et al · 2023
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BLIP-2: bootstrapping language-image pre-training with frozen image encoders and large language models
Junnan Li, Dongxu Li, Silvio Savarese, and Steven Hoi · 2023
Closest in time.
Vera: A general-purpose plausibility estimation model for commonsense statements
Jiacheng Liu, Wenya Wang, Dianzhuo Wang, Noah A Smith, Yejin Choi, and Hannaneh Hajishirzi · 2023
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Cola: How to adapt vision-language models to compose objects localized with attributes?, 2023
Arijit Ray, Filip Radenovic, Abhimanyu Dubey, Bryan A. Plummer, Ranjay Krishna, and Kate Saenko · 2023
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Fighting bias with bias: Promoting model robustness by amplifying dataset biases
Yuval Reif and Roy Schwartz · 2023
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Coarse-to-fine contrastive learning in image-text-graph space for improved vision-language compositionality
Harman Singh, Pengchuan Zhang, Qifan Wang, Mengjiao Wang, Wenhan Xiong, Jingfei Du, and Yu Chen · 2023
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Image captioners are scalable vision learners too
Michael Tschannen, Manoj Kumar, Andreas Steiner, Xiaohua Zhai, Neil Houlsby, and Lucas Beyer · 2023
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When and why vision-language models behave like bags-of-words, and what to do about it?
Mert Yuksekgonul, Federico Bianchi, Pratyusha Kalluri, Dan Jurafsky, and James Zou · 2023
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