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Observations of quasars reveal that many supermassive black holes (BHs) were in place less than 700 million years after the Big Bang.
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Lodato, G., Natarajan, P.: Supermassive black hole formation during the assembly of pre-galactic discs. MNRAS 371
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Kim, J.-H., Wise, J., Alvarez, M., Abel, T.: Galaxy formation with self-consistently modeled stars and massive black holes. i: Feedback-regulated star formation and black hole growth. Astrophysical Journal - ASTROPHYS J 738
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2011
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Yaqoob, T.: The nature of the Compton-thick X-ray reprocessor in NGC 4945. MNRAS 423
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Hirano, S., Bromm, V.: Formation and survival of Population III stellar systems. MNRAS 470
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