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Transformer-based language models (LMs) are powerful and widely-applicable tools, but their usefulness is constrained by a finite context window and the expensive computational cost of processing long text documents.
Language models are few-shot learners
Tom Brown, Benjamin Mann, Nick Ryder, Melanie Subbiah, Jared D Kaplan, Prafulla Dhariwal, Arvind Neelakantan, Pranav Shyam, Girish Sastry, Amanda Askell, Sandhini Agarwal, Ariel Herbert-Voss, Gretchen Krueger, Tom Henighan, Rewon Child, Aditya Ramesh, Daniel Ziegler, Jeffrey Wu, Clemens Winter, Chris Hesse, Mark Chen, Eric Sigler, Mateusz Litwin, Scott Gray, Benjamin Chess, Jack Clark, Christopher Berner, Sam McCandlish, Alec Radford, Ilya Sutskever, and Dario Amodei. 2020 · 1901
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Generating long sequences with sparse transformers
Rewon Child, Scott Gray, Alec Radford, and Ilya Sutskever. 2019 · 1904
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A sentimental education: Sentiment analysis using subjectivity
Bo Pang and Lillian Lee. 2004 · 2004
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The PASCAL recognising textual entailment challenge
Ido Dagan, Oren Glickman, and Bernardo Magnini. 2005 · 2005
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Seeing stars: Exploiting class relationships for sentiment categorization with respect to rating scales
Bo Pang and Lillian Lee. 2005 · 2005
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The second pascal recognising textual entailment challenge
R Bar Haim, Ido Dagan, Bill Dolan, Lisa Ferro, Danilo Giampiccolo, Bernardo Magnini, and Idan Szpektor. 2006 · 2006
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The fifth PASCAL recognizing textual entailment challenge
Luisa Bentivogli, Peter Clark, Ido Dagan, and Danilo Giampiccolo. 2009 · 2009
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Choice of plausible alternatives: An evaluation of commonsense causal reasoning
Melissa Roemmele, Cosmin Adrian Bejan, and Andrew S Gordon. 2011 · 2011
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The winograd schema challenge
Hector J. Levesque, Ernest Davis, and Leora Morgenstern. 2012 · 2012
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Recursive deep models for semantic compositionality over a sentiment treebank
Richard Socher, Alex Perelygin, Jean Wu, Jason Chuang, Christopher D. Manning, Andrew Ng, and Christopher Potts. 2013 · 2013
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Adam: A method for stochastic optimization
Diederik Kingma and Jimmy Ba. 2015 · 2015
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Character-level convolutional networks for text classification
Xiang Zhang, Junbo Zhao, and Yann LeCun. 2015 · 2015
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Training deep nets with sublinear memory cost
Tianqi Chen, Bing Xu, Chiyuan Zhang, and Carlos Guestrin. 2016 · 2016
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Attention is all you need
Ashish Vaswani, Noam Shazeer, Niki Parmar, Jakob Uszkoreit, Llion Jones, Aidan N Gomez, Ł ukasz Kaiser, and Illia Polosukhin. 2017 · 2017
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Looking beyond the surface: A challenge set for reading comprehension over multiple sentences
Daniel Khashabi, Snigdha Chaturvedi, Michael Roth, Shyam Upadhyay, and Dan Roth. 2018 · 2018
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BoolQ: Exploring the surprising difficulty of natural yes/no questions
Christopher Clark, Kenton Lee, Ming-Wei Chang, Tom Kwiatkowski, Michael Collins, and Kristina Toutanova. 2019 · 2019
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Transformer-XL: Attentive language models beyond a fixed-length context
Zihang Dai, Zhilin Yang, Yiming Yang, Jaime Carbonell, Quoc Le, and Ruslan Salakhutdinov. 2019 · 2019
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The CommitmentBank: Investigating projection in naturally occurring discourse
Marie-Catherine de Marneffe, Mandy Simons, and Judith Tonhauser. 2019 · 2019
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WiC: the word-in-context dataset for evaluating context-sensitive meaning representations
Mohammad Taher Pilehvar and Jose Camacho-Collados. 2019 · 2019
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SuperGLUE: A stickier benchmark for general-purpose language understanding systems
Alex Wang, Yada Pruksachatkun, Nikita Nangia, Amanpreet Singh, Julian Michael, Felix Hill, Omer Levy, and Samuel Bowman. 2019 · 2019
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The Pile: An 800GB dataset of diverse text for language modeling
Leo Gao, Stella Biderman, Sid Black, Laurence Golding, Travis Hoppe, Charles Foster, Jason Phang, Horace He, Anish Thite, Noa Nabeshima, et al. 2020 · 2020
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Retrieval augmented language model pre-training
Kelvin Guu, Kenton Lee, Zora Tung, Panupong Pasupat, and Mingwei Chang. 2020 · 2020
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Dense passage retrieval for open-domain question answering
Vladimir Karpukhin, Barlas Oguz, Sewon Min, Patrick Lewis, Ledell Wu, Sergey Edunov, Danqi Chen, and Wen-tau Yih. 2020 · 2020
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Generalization through memorization: Nearest neighbor language models
Urvashi Khandelwal, Omer Levy, Dan Jurafsky, Luke Zettlemoyer, and Mike Lewis. 2020 · 2020
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P-tuning: Prompt tuning can be comparable to fine-tuning across scales and tasks
Xiao Liu, Kaixuan Ji, Yicheng Fu, Weng Tam, Zhengxiao Du, Zhilin Yang, and Jie Tang. 2022 · 2022
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Mega: moving average equipped gated attention
Xuezhe Ma, Chunting Zhou, Xiang Kong, Junxian He, Liangke Gui, Graham Neubig, Jonathan May, and Luke Zettlemoyer. 2022 · 2022
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Train short, test long: Attention with linear biases enables input length extrapolation
Ofir Press, Noah Smith, and Mike Lewis. 2022 · 2022
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Improving passage retrieval with zero-shot question generation
Devendra Sachan, Mike Lewis, Mandar Joshi, Armen Aghajanyan, Wen-tau Yih, Joelle Pineau, and Luke Zettlemoyer. 2022 · 2022
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Learning by distilling context
Charlie Snell, Dan Klein, and Ruiqi Zhong. 2022 · 2022
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A general language assistant as a laboratory for alignment
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OPT: Open pre-trained transformer language models
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