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Large language models are trained in two stages: (1) unsupervised pretraining from raw text, to learn general-purpose representations, and (2) large scale instruction tuning and reinforcement learning, to better align to end tasks and user preferences.
Decoupled weight decay regularization
Ilya Loshchilov and Frank Hutter · 2017
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The curious case of neural text degeneration
Ari Holtzman, Jan Buys, Li Du, Maxwell Forbes, and Yejin Choi · 2019
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Ctrl: A conditional transformer language model for controllable generation
Nitish Shirish Keskar, Bryan McCann, Lav R Varshney, Caiming Xiong, and Richard Socher · 2019
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The pushshift reddit dataset
Jason Baumgartner, Savvas Zannettou, Brian Keegan, Megan Squire, and Jeremy Blackburn · 2020
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The turking test: Can language models understand instructions?
Avia Efrat and Omer Levy · 2020
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A few more examples may be worth billions of parameters
Yuval Kirstain, Patrick Lewis, Sebastian Riedel, and Omer Levy · 2021
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Natural instructions: Benchmarking generalization to new tasks from natural language instructions
Swaroop Mishra, Daniel Khashabi, Chitta Baral, and Hannaneh Hajishirzi · 2021
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Palm: Scaling language modeling with pathways
Aakanksha Chowdhery, Sharan Narang, Jacob Devlin, Maarten Bosma, Gaurav Mishra, Adam Roberts, Paul Barham, Hyung Won Chung, Charles Sutton, Sebastian Gehrmann, et al · 2022
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Scaling instruction-finetuned language models
Hyung Won Chung, Le Hou, Shayne Longpre, Barret Zoph, Yi Tay, William Fedus, Eric Li, Xuezhi Wang, Mostafa Dehghani, Siddhartha Brahma, et al · 2022
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Unnatural instructions: Tuning language models with (almost) no human labor, 2022
Or Honovich, Thomas Scialom, Omer Levy, and Timo Schick · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Large language models are zero-shot reasoners
Takeshi Kojima, Shixiang Shane Gu, Machel Reid, Yutaka Matsuo, and Yusuke Iwasawa · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback
Long Ouyang, Jeffrey Wu, Xu Jiang, Diogo Almeida, Carroll Wainwright, Pamela Mishkin, Chong Zhang, Sandhini Agarwal, Katarina Slama, Alex Ray, et al · 2022
Vicuna: An open-source chatbot impressing gpt-4 with 90%* chatgpt quality, March 2023
Wei-Lin Chiang, Zhuohan Li, Zi Lin, Ying Sheng, Zhanghao Wu, Hao Zhang, Lianmin Zheng, Siyuan Zhuang, Yonghao Zhuang, Joseph E. Gonzalez, Ion Stoica, and Eric P. Xing · 2023
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Openassistant conversations – democratizing large language model alignment
Andreas Köpf, Yannic Kilcher, Dimitri von Rütte, Sotiris Anagnostidis, Zhi-Rui Tam, Keith Stevens, Abdullah Barhoum, Nguyen Minh Duc, Oliver Stanley, Richárd Nagyfi, Shahul ES, Sameer Suri, David Glushkov, Arnav Dantuluri, Andrew Maguire, Christoph Schuhmann, Huu Nguyen, and Alexander Mattick · 2023
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Gpt-4 technical report, 2023
OpenAI · 2023
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Principle-driven self-alignment of language models from scratch with minimal human supervision, 2023
Zhiqing Sun, Yikang Shen, Qinhong Zhou, Hongxin Zhang, Zhenfang Chen, David Cox, Yiming Yang, and Chuang Gan · 2023
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Stanford alpaca: An instruction-following llama model
Rohan Taori, Ishaan Gulrajani, Tianyi Zhang, Yann Dubois, Xuechen Li, Carlos Guestrin, Percy Liang, and Tatsunori B. Hashimoto · 2023
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Cited alongside, same era.
Multitask prompted training enables zero-shot task generalization
Victor Sanh, Albert Webson, Colin Raffel, Stephen Bach, Lintang Sutawika, Zaid Alyafeai, Antoine Chaffin, Arnaud Stiegler, Teven Le Scao, Arun Raja, et al · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Stackllama: An rl fine-tuned llama model for stack exchange question and answering, 2023
Edward Beeching, Younes Belkada, Kashif Rasul, Lewis Tunstall, Leandro von Werra, Nazneen Rajani, and Nathan Lambert · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Training a helpful and harmless assistant with reinforcement learning from human feedback
Yuntao Bai, Andy Jones, Kamal Ndousse, Amanda Askell, Anna Chen, Nova DasSarma, Dawn Drain, Stanislav Fort, Deep Ganguli, Tom Henighan, et al
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Constitutional ai: Harmlessness from ai feedback
Yuntao Bai, Saurav Kadavath, Sandipan Kundu, Amanda Askell, Jackson Kernion, Andy Jones, Anna Chen, Anna Goldie, Azalia Mirhoseini, Cameron McKinnon, et al
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Self-instruct: Aligning language model with self generated instructions, 2022a
Yizhong Wang, Yeganeh Kordi, Swaroop Mishra, Alisa Liu, Noah A. Smith, Daniel Khashabi, and Hannaneh Hajishirzi
Cited in the paper.
Super-naturalinstructions:generalization via declarative instructions on 1600+ tasks
Yizhong Wang, Swaroop Mishra, Pegah Alipoormolabashi, Yeganeh Kordi, Amirreza Mirzaei, Anjana Arunkumar, Arjun Ashok, Arut Selvan Dhanasekaran, Atharva Naik, David Stap, et al
Cited in the paper.
Finetuned language models are zero-shot learners
Jason Wei, Maarten Bosma, Vincent Zhao, Kelvin Guu, Adams Wei Yu, Brian Lester, Nan Du, Andrew M Dai, and Quoc V Le
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Llama: Open and efficient foundation language models
Hugo Touvron, Thibaut Lavril, Gautier Izacard, Xavier Martinet, Marie-Anne Lachaux, Timothée Lacroix, Baptiste Rozière, Naman Goyal, Eric Hambro, Faisal Azhar, et al · 2023
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