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Lexical matching remains the de facto evaluation method for open-domain question answering (QA).
Language models are few-shot learners
Tom Brown, Benjamin Mann, Nick Ryder, Melanie Subbiah, Jared D. Kaplan, Prafulla Dhariwal, Arvind Neelakantan, Pranav Shyam, Girish Sastry, Amanda Askell, Sandhini Agarwal, Ariel Herbert-Voss, Gretchen Krueger, Tom Henighan, Rewon Child, Aditya Ramesh, Daniel Ziegler, Jeffrey Wu, Clemens Winter, Chris Hesse, Mark Chen, Eric Sigler, Mateusz Litwin, Scott Gray, Benjamin Chess, Jack Clark, Christopher Berner, Sam McCandlish, Alec Radford, Ilya Sutskever, and Dario Amodei. 2020 · 1901
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On faithfulness and factuality in abstractive summarization
Joshua Maynez, Shashi Narayan, Bernd Bohnet, and Ryan McDonald. 2020 · 1919
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The TREC-8 question answering track
Ellen M. Voorhees and Dawn M. Tice. 2000 · 2000
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High performance question/answering
Marius A. Pasca and Sandra M. Harabagiu. 2001 · 2001
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Overview of the TREC 2002 question answering track
Ellen M. Voorhees. 2003 · 2002
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Modeling of the question answering task in the YodaQA system
Petr Baudiš and Jan Šedivỳ. 2015 · 2015
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SQuAD: 100,000+ questions for machine comprehension of text
Pranav Rajpurkar, Jian Zhang, Konstantin Lopyrev, and Percy Liang. 2016 · 2016
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Reading Wikipedia to answer open-domain questions
Danqi Chen, Adam Fisch, Jason Weston, and Antoine Bordes. 2017 · 2017
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Simple and effective multi-paragraph reading comprehension
Christopher Clark and Matt Gardner. 2018 · 2018
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Rˆ3: Reinforced ranker-reader for open-domain question answering
Shuohang Wang, Mo Yu, Xiaoxiao Guo, Zhiguo Wang, Tim Klinger, Wei Zhang, Shiyu Chang, Gerry Tesauro, Bowen Zhou, and Jing Jiang. 2018 · 2018
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HotpotQA: A dataset for diverse, explainable multi-hop question answering
Zhilin Yang, Peng Qi, Saizheng Zhang, Yoshua Bengio, William Cohen, Ruslan Salakhutdinov, and Christopher D. Manning. 2018 · 2018
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Evaluating question answering evaluation
Anthony Chen, Gabriel Stanovsky, Sameer Singh, and Matt Gardner. 2019 · 2019
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DROP: A reading comprehension benchmark requiring discrete reasoning over paragraphs
Dheeru Dua, Yizhong Wang, Pradeep Dasigi, Gabriel Stanovsky, Sameer Singh, and Matt Gardner. 2019 · 2019
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Latent retrieval for weakly supervised open domain question answering
Kenton Lee, Ming-Wei Chang, and Kristina Toutanova. 2019 · 2019
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Reasoning over paragraph effects in situations
Kevin Lin, Oyvind Tafjord, Peter Clark, and Matt Gardner. 2019 · 2019
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Learning to retrieve reasoning paths over wikipedia graph for question answering
Akari Asai, Kazuma Hashimoto, Hannaneh Hajishirzi, Richard Socher, and Caiming Xiong. 2020 · 2020
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MOCHA: A dataset for training and evaluating generative reading comprehension metrics
Anthony Chen, Gabriel Stanovsky, Sameer Singh, and Matt Gardner. 2020 · 2020
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Dense passage retrieval for open-domain question answering
Vladimir Karpukhin, Barlas Oguz, Sewon Min, Patrick Lewis, Ledell Wu, Sergey Edunov, Danqi Chen, and Wen-tau Yih. 2020 · 2020
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NeurIPS 2020 EfficientQA competition: Systems, analyses and lessons learned
Sewon Min, Jordan Boyd-Graber, Chris Alberti, Danqi Chen, Eunsol Choi, Michael Collins, Kelvin Guu, Hannaneh Hajishirzi, Kenton Lee, Jennimaria Palomaki, Colin Raffel, Adam Roberts, Tom Kwiatkowski, Patrick Lewis, Yuxiang Wu, Heinrich Küttler, Linqing Liu, Pasquale Minervini, Pontus Stenetorp, Sebastian Riedel, Sohee Yang, Minjoon Seo, Gautier Izacard, Fabio Petroni, Lucas Hosseini, Nicola De Cao, Edouard Grave, Ikuya Yamada, Sonse Shimaoka, Masatoshi Suzuki, Shumpei Miyawaki, Shun Sato, Ryo Takahashi, Jun Suzuki, Martin Fajcik, Martin Docekal, Karel Ondrej, Pavel Smrz, Hao Cheng, Yelong Shen, Xiaodong Liu, Pengcheng He, Weizhu Chen, Jianfeng Gao, Barlas Oguz, Xilun Chen, Vladimir Karpukhin, Stan Peshterliev, Dmytro Okhonko, Michael Schlichtkrull, Sonal Gupta, Yashar Mehdad, and Wen-tau Yih. 2021 · 2020
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End-to-end training of multi-document reader and retriever for open-domain question answering
Devendra Singh, Siva Reddy, Will Hamilton, Chris Dyer, and Dani Yogatama. 2021 · 2021
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Approximate nearest neighbor negative contrastive learning for dense text retrieval
Lee Xiong, Chenyan Xiong, Ye Li, Kwok-Fung Tang, Jialin Liu, Paul N. Bennett, Junaid Ahmed, and Arnold Overwijk. 2021 · 2021
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Evidentiality-guided generation for knowledge-intensive NLP tasks
Akari Asai, Matt Gardner, and Hannaneh Hajishirzi. 2022 · 2022
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GPT-NeoX-20B: An open-source autoregressive language model
Sidney Black, Stella Biderman, Eric Hallahan, Quentin Anthony, Leo Gao, Laurence Golding, Horace He, Connor Leahy, Kyle McDonell, Jason Phang, Michael Pieler, Usvsn Sai Prashanth, Shivanshu Purohit, Laria Reynolds, Jonathan Tow, Ben Wang, and Samuel Weinbach. 2022 · 2022
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Tomayto, tomahto. beyond token-level answer equivalence for question answering evaluation
Jannis Bulian, Christian Buck, Wojciech Gajewski, Benjamin Börschinger, and Tal Schuster. 2022 · 2022
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AmbigQA: Answering ambiguous open-domain questions
Sewon Min, Julian Michael, Hannaneh Hajishirzi, and Luke Zettlemoyer. 2020 · 2020
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Exploring the limits of transfer learning with a unified text-to-text transformer
Colin Raffel, Noam Shazeer, Adam Roberts, Katherine Lee, Sharan Narang, Michael Matena, Yanqi Zhou, Wei Li, and Peter J. Liu. 2020 · 2020
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How much knowledge can you pack into the parameters of a language model?
Adam Roberts, Colin Raffel, and Noam Shazeer. 2020 · 2020
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R2-D2: A modular baseline for open-domain question answering
Martin Fajcik, Martin Docekal, Karel Ondrej, and Pavel Smrz. 2021 · 2021
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Relevance-guided supervision for OpenQA with ColBERT
Omar Khattab, Christopher Potts, and Matei Zaharia. 2021 · 2021
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Generation-augmented retrieval for open-domain question answering
Yuning Mao, Pengcheng He, Xiaodong Liu, Yelong Shen, Jianfeng Gao, Jiawei Han, and Weizhu Chen. 2021 · 2021
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Measuring attribution in natural language generation models
Hannah Rashkin, Vitaly Nikolaev, Matthew Lamm, Michael Collins, Dipanjan Das, Slav Petrov, Gaurav Singh Tomar, Iulia Turc, and David Reitter. 2021 · 2021
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RocketQAv2: A joint training method for dense passage retrieval and passage re-ranking
Ruiyang Ren, Yingqi Qu, Jing Liu, Wayne Xin Zhao, QiaoQiao She, Hua Wu, Haifeng Wang, and Ji-Rong Wen. 2021 · 2021
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PaLM: Scaling language modeling with pathways
Aakanksha Chowdhery, Sharan Narang, Jacob Devlin, Maarten Bosma, Gaurav Mishra, Adam Roberts, Paul Barham, Hyung Won Chung, Charles Sutton, Sebastian Gehrmann, Parker Schuh, Kensen Shi, Sasha Tsvyashchenko, Joshua Maynez, Abhishek Rao, Parker Barnes, Yi Tay, Noam Shazeer, Vinodkumar Prabhakaran, Emily Reif, Nan Du, Ben Hutchinson, Reiner Pope, James Bradbury, Jacob Austin, Michael Isard, Guy Gur-Ari, Pengcheng Yin, Toju Duke, Anselm Levskaya, Sanjay Ghemawat, Sunipa Dev, Henryk Michalewski, Xavier Garcia, Vedant Misra, Kevin Robinson, Liam Fedus, Denny Zhou, Daphne Ippolito, David Luan, Hyeontaek Lim, Barret Zoph, Alexander Spiridonov, Ryan Sepassi, David Dohan, Shivani Agrawal, Mark Omernick, Andrew M. Dai, Thanumalayan Sankaranarayana Pillai, Marie Pellat, Aitor Lewkowycz, Erica Moreira, Rewon Child, Oleksandr Polozov, Katherine Lee, Zongwei Zhou, Xuezhi Wang, Brennan Saeta, Mark Diaz, Orhan Firat, Michele Catasta, Jason Wei, Kathy Meier-Hellstern, Douglas Eck, Jeff Dean, Slav Petrov, and Noah Fiedel. 2022 · 2022
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On the origin of hallucinations in conversational models: Is it the datasets or the models?
Nouha Dziri, Sivan Milton, Mo Yu, Osmar Zaiane, and Siva Reddy. 2022 · 2022
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Unsupervised dense information retrieval with contrastive learning
Gautier Izacard, Mathilde Caron, Lucas Hosseini, Sebastian Riedel, Piotr Bojanowski, Armand Joulin, and Edouard Grave. 2022 · 2022
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Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback
Long Ouyang, Jeffrey Wu, Xu Jiang, Diogo Almeida, Carroll Wainwright, Pamela Mishkin, Chong Zhang, Sandhini Agarwal, Katarina Slama, Alex Gray, John Schulman, Jacob Hilton, Fraser Kelton, Luke Miller, Maddie Simens, Amanda Askell, Peter Welinder, Paul Christiano, Jan Leike, and Ryan Lowe. 2022 · 2022
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QA dataset explosion: A taxonomy of NLP resources for question answering and reading comprehension
Anna Rogers, Matt Gardner, and Isabelle Augenstein. 2022 · 2022
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The unreliability of explanations in few-shot prompting for textual reasoning
Xi Ye and Greg Durrett. 2022 · 2022
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OPT: Open pre-trained transformer language models
Susan Zhang, Stephen Roller, Naman Goyal, Mikel Artetxe, Moya Chen, Shuohui Chen, Christopher Dewan, Mona Diab, Xian Li, Xi Victoria Lin, Todor Mihaylov, Myle Ott, Sam Shleifer, Kurt Shuster, Daniel Simig, Punit Singh Koura, Anjali Sridhar, Tianlu Wang, and Luke Zettlemoyer. 2022 · 2022
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GPT-4 technical report
OpenAI. 2023 · 2023
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BERTScore: Evaluating text generation with bert
Tianyi Zhang, Varsha Kishore, Felix Wu, Kilian Q. Weinberger, and Yoav Artzi. 2020 · 2023
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