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Training a Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) from scratch, like GPT-4, is resource-intensive.
Bleu: a method for automatic evaluation of machine translation
Kishore Papineni, Salim Roukos, Todd Ward, and Wei-Jing Zhu · 2002
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ROUGE: A package for automatic evaluation of summaries
Chin-Yew Lin · 2004
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METEOR: An automatic metric for MT evaluation with improved correlation with human judgments
Satanjeev Banerjee and Alon Lavie · 2005
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Cider: Consensus-based image description evaluation
Ramakrishna Vedantam, C Lawrence Zitnick, and Devi Parikh · 2015
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Making the v in vqa matter: Elevating the role of image understanding in visual question answering
Yash Goyal, Tejas Khot, Douglas Summers-Stay, Dhruv Batra, and Devi Parikh · 2017
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Decoupled weight decay regularization
Ilya Loshchilov and Frank Hutter · 2017
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How to read paintings: Semantic art understanding with multi-modal retrieval
Noa Garcia and George Vogiatzis · 2018
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Ok-vqa: A visual question answering benchmark requiring external knowledge
Kenneth Marino, Mohammad Rastegari, Ali Farhadi, and Roozbeh Mottaghi · 2019
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From recognition to cognition: Visual commonsense reasoning
Rowan Zellers, Yonatan Bisk, Ali Farhadi, and Yejin Choi · 2019
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An image is worth 16x16 words: Transformers for image recognition at scale
Alexey Dosovitskiy, Lucas Beyer, Alexander Kolesnikov, Dirk Weissenborn, Xiaohua Zhai, Thomas Unterthiner, Mostafa Dehghani, Matthias Minderer, Georg Heigold, Sylvain Gelly, et al · 2020
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Oscar: Object-semantics aligned pre-training for vision-language tasks
Xiujun Li, Xi Yin, Chunyuan Li, Pengchuan Zhang, Xiaowei Hu, Lei Zhang, Lijuan Wang, Houdong Hu, Li Dong, Furu Wei, et al · 2020
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Lora: Low-rank adaptation of large language models
Edward J Hu, Yelong Shen, Phillip Wallis, Zeyuan Allen-Zhu, Yuanzhi Li, Shean Wang, Lu Wang, and Weizhu Chen · 2021
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Prefix-tuning: Optimizing continuous prompts for generation
Xiang Lisa Li and Percy Liang · 2021
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Learning transferable visual models from natural language supervision
Alec Radford, Jong Wook Kim, Chris Hallacy, Aditya Ramesh, Gabriel Goh, Sandhini Agarwal, Girish Sastry, Amanda Askell, Pamela Mishkin, Jack Clark, et al · 2021
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Flamingo: a visual language model for few-shot learning
Jean-Baptiste Alayrac, Jeff Donahue, Pauline Luc, Antoine Miech, Iain Barr, Yana Hasson, Karel Lenc, Arthur Mensch, Katherine Millican, Malcolm Reynolds, et al · 2022
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Scaling instruction-finetuned language models
Hyung Won Chung, Le Hou, Shayne Longpre, Barret Zoph, Yi Tay, William Fedus, Eric Li, Xuezhi Wang, Mostafa Dehghani, Siddhartha Brahma, et al · 2022
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Glm: General language model pretraining with autoregressive blank infilling
Zhengxiao Du, Yujie Qian, Xiao Liu, Ming Ding, Jiezhong Qiu, Zhilin Yang, and Jie Tang · 2022
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Visual prompt tuning
Menglin Jia, Luming Tang, Bor-Chun Chen, Claire Cardie, Serge Belongie, Bharath Hariharan, and Ser-Nam Lim · 2022
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Crosslingual generalization through multitask finetuning
Niklas Muennighoff, Thomas Wang, Lintang Sutawika, Adam Roberts, Stella Biderman, Teven Le Scao, M Saiful Bari, Sheng Shen, Zheng-Xin Yong, Hailey Schoelkopf, et al · 2022
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Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback
Long Ouyang, Jeffrey Wu, Xu Jiang, Diogo Almeida, Carroll Wainwright, Pamela Mishkin, Chong Zhang, Sandhini Agarwal, Katarina Slama, Alex Ray, et al · 2022
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Peng Wang, An Yang, Rui Men, Junyang Lin, Shuai Bai, Zhikang Li, Jianxin Ma, Chang Zhou, Jingren Zhou, and Hongxia Yang · 2022
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Image as a foreign language: Beit pretraining for all vision and vision-language tasks
Wenhui Wang, Hangbo Bao, Li Dong, Johan Bjorck, Zhiliang Peng, Qiang Liu, Kriti Aggarwal, Owais Khan Mohammed, Saksham Singhal, Subhojit Som, et al · 2022
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Otter: A multi-modal model with in-context instruction tuning
Bo Li, Yuanhan Zhang, Liangyu Chen, Jinghao Wang, Jingkang Yang, and Ziwei Liu · 2023
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Blip-2: Bootstrapping language-image pre-training with frozen image encoders and large language models
Junnan Li, Dongxu Li, Silvio Savarese, and Steven Hoi · 2023
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Haotian Liu, Chunyuan Li, Qingyang Wu, and Yong Jae Lee · 2023
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Mmbench: Is your multi-modal model an all-around player?
Yuan Liu, Haodong Duan, Yuanhan Zhang, Bo Li, Songyang Zhang, Wangbo Zhao, Yike Yuan, Jiaqi Wang, Conghui He, Ziwei Liu, et al · 2023
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Chameleon: Plug-and-play compositional reasoning with large language models
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Self-instruct: Aligning language model with self generated instructions, 2022
Yizhong Wang, Yeganeh Kordi, Swaroop Mishra, Alisa Liu, Noah A. Smith, Daniel Khashabi, and Hannaneh Hajishirzi · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Chain of thought prompting elicits reasoning in large language models
Jason Wei, Xuezhi Wang, Dale Schuurmans, Maarten Bosma, Ed Chi, Quoc Le, and Denny Zhou · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Opt: Open pre-trained transformer language models
Susan Zhang, Stephen Roller, Naman Goyal, Mikel Artetxe, Moya Chen, Shuohui Chen, Christopher Dewan, Mona Diab, Xian Li, Xi Victoria Lin, et al · 2022
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Visualize before you write: Imagination-guided open-ended text generation
Wanrong Zhu, An Yan, Yujie Lu, Wenda Xu, Xin Eric Wang, Miguel Eckstein, and William Yang Wang · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Low-code llm: Visual programming over llms
Yuzhe Cai, Shaoguang Mao, Wenshan Wu, Zehua Wang, Yaobo Liang, Tao Ge, Chenfei Wu, Wang You, Ting Song, Yan Xia, et al · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Shikra: Unleashing multimodal llm’s referential dialogue magic
Keqin Chen, Zhao Zhang, Weili Zeng, Richong Zhang, Feng Zhu, and Rui Zhao · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Vicuna: An open-source chatbot impressing gpt-4 with 90%* chatgpt quality, March 2023
Wei-Lin Chiang, Zhuohan Li, Zi Lin, Ying Sheng, Zhanghao Wu, Hao Zhang, Lianmin Zheng, Siyuan Zhuang, Yonghao Zhuang, Joseph E. Gonzalez, Ion Stoica, and Eric P. Xing · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Palm-e: An embodied multimodal language model
Danny Driess, Fei Xia, Mehdi SM Sajjadi, Corey Lynch, Aakanksha Chowdhery, Brian Ichter, Ayzaan Wahid, Jonathan Tompson, Quan Vuong, Tianhe Yu, et al · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Pan Lu, Baolin Peng, Hao Cheng, Michel Galley, Kai-Wei Chang, Ying Nian Wu, Song-Chun Zhu, and Jianfeng Gao · 2023
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Linearly mapping from image to text space
Jack Merullo, Louis Castricato, Carsten Eickhoff, and Ellie Pavlick · 2023
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Augmented language models: a survey
Grégoire Mialon, Roberto Dessì, Maria Lomeli, Christoforos Nalmpantis, Ram Pasunuru, Roberta Raileanu, Baptiste Rozière, Timo Schick, Jane Dwivedi-Yu, Asli Celikyilmaz, et al · 2023
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OpenAI · 2023
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Tool learning with foundation models
Yujia Qin, Shengding Hu, Yankai Lin, Weize Chen, Ning Ding, Ganqu Cui, Zheni Zeng, Yufei Huang, Chaojun Xiao, Chi Han, et al · 2023
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Toolformer: Language models can teach themselves to use tools
Timo Schick, Jane Dwivedi-Yu, Roberto Dessì, Roberta Raileanu, Maria Lomeli, Luke Zettlemoyer, Nicola Cancedda, and Thomas Scialom · 2023
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Pandagpt: One model to instruction-follow them all
Yixuan Su, Tian Lan, Huayang Li, Jialu Xu, Yan Wang, and Deng Cai · 2023
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Llama: Open and efficient foundation language models
Hugo Touvron, Thibaut Lavril, Gautier Izacard, Xavier Martinet, Marie-Anne Lachaux, Timothée Lacroix, Baptiste Rozière, Naman Goyal, Eric Hambro, Faisal Azhar, et al · 2023
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What makes for good visual tokenizers for large language models?
Guangzhi Wang, Yixiao Ge, Xiaohan Ding, Mohan Kankanhalli, and Ying Shan · 2023
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Visual chatgpt: Talking, drawing and editing with visual foundation models
Chenfei Wu, Shengming Yin, Weizhen Qi, Xiaodong Wang, Zecheng Tang, and Nan Duan · 2023
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mplug-owl: Modularization empowers large language models with multimodality
Qinghao Ye, Haiyang Xu, Guohai Xu, Jiabo Ye, Ming Yan, Yiyang Zhou, Junyang Wang, Anwen Hu, Pengcheng Shi, Yaya Shi, et al · 2023
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Transfer visual prompt generator across llms
Ao Zhang, Hao Fei, Yuan Yao, Wei Ji, Li Li, Zhiyuan Liu, and Tat-Seng Chua · 2023
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Llama-adapter: Efficient fine-tuning of language models with zero-init attention
Renrui Zhang, Jiaming Han, Aojun Zhou, Xiangfei Hu, Shilin Yan, Pan Lu, Hongsheng Li, Peng Gao, and Yu Qiao · 2023
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Minigpt-4: Enhancing vision-language understanding with advanced large language models
Deyao Zhu, Jun Chen, Xiaoqian Shen, Xiang Li, and Mohamed Elhoseiny · 2023
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