High-fidelity Rydberg controlled-Z gates with optimal pulses

Understand

High-fidelity control-$Z$ ($C_Z$) gates are essential and mandatory to build a large-scale quantum computer.

• In neutral atoms, the strong dipole-dipole interactions between their Rydberg states make them one of the pioneering platforms to implement $C_Z$ gates.
• Here we numerically investigate the time-optimal pulses to generate a high-fidelity Rydberg $C_{Z}$ gate in a three-level ladder-type atomic system.
• By tuning the temporal shapes of Gaussian or segmented pulses, the populations on the intermediate excited states are shown to be suppressed within the symmetric gate operation protocol, which leads to a $C_{Z}$ gate with a high Bell fidelity up to $99.92\%$.