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2023

De Sitter Space has no Chords. Almost Everything is Confined

Susskind, Leonard

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This paper describes a phenomenon in which all but a tiny fraction of the fundamental holographic degrees of the SYK theory are confined (as in quark confinement) in the double-scaled infinite temperature limit.

The mechanism for confinement is an essential ingredient in the duality between DSSYK and de Sitter space.
The mechanism, which removes almost all states from the physical spectrum of the bulk de Sitter theory applies to configurations of a small number of fermions which would be expected to comprise Hawking radiation in de Sitter space.
Without confinement there would be far too many species of Hawking particles.

De Sitter Space has no Chords. Almost Everything is Confined · Around

Built on

J. Polchinski, L. Susskind and N. Toumbas, “Negative energy, superluminosity and holography,” Phys. Rev. D
1999
Earlier work this paper cites.
M. Berkooz, V. Narovlansky and H. Raj, “Complex Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model in the double scaling limit,” JHEP
Original
2006
Earlier work this paper cites.
T. Banks, B. Fiol and A. Morisse, “Towards a quantum theory of de Sitter space,” JHEP
2006
Earlier work this paper cites.
L. Susskind, “Electric Forces in the Charged SYK Model,” [arXiv:2012.12326 [hep-th]]
Original
2012
Earlier work this paper cites.

Similar

J. Maldacena and D. Stanford, “Remarks on the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model,” Phys. Rev. D
Original
2016
Cited alongside, same era.
J. S. Cotler, G. Gur-Ari, M. Hanada, J. Polchinski, P. Saad, S. H. Shenker, D. Stanford, A. Streicher and M. Tezuka, “Black Holes and Random Matrices,” JHEP
Original
2017
Cited alongside, same era.
X. Dong, E. Silverstein and G. Torroba, “De Sitter Holography and Entanglement Entropy,” JHEP
Original
2018
Cited alongside, same era.
D. A. Roberts, D. Stanford and A. Streicher, “Operator growth in the SYK model,” JHEP
Original
2018
Cited alongside, same era.
L. Susskind, “De Sitter Space, Double-Scaled SYK, and the Separation of Scales in the Semiclassical Limit,” [arXiv:2209.09999 [hep-th]]
Original
Cited in the paper.
A. A. Rahman, “dS JT Gravity and Double-Scaled SYK,” [arXiv:2209.09997 [hep-th]]
Original
Cited in the paper.
H. Lin and L. Susskind, “Infinite Temperature’s Not So Hot,” [arXiv:2206.01083 [hep-th]]
Original
Cited in the paper.
L. Susskind, “Scrambling in Double-Scaled SYK and De Sitter Space,” [arXiv:2205.00315 [hep-th]]
Original
Cited in the paper.
L. Susskind, “Black Holes Hint Towards De Sitter-Matrix Theory,” [arXiv:2109.01322 [hep-th]]
Original
Cited in the paper.

Then

M. Berkooz, M. Isachenkov, V. Narovlansky and G. Torrents, “Towards a full solution of the large N double-scaled SYK model,” JHEP
Original
2019
Later among the works it cites.
L. Susskind, “Entanglement and Chaos in De Sitter Space Holography: An SYK Example,” JHAP
Original
2021
Later among the works it cites.
H. W. Lin, “The bulk Hilbert space of double scaled SYK,” JHEP
Original
2022
Later among the works it cites.
V. Chandrasekaran, R. Longo, G. Penington and E. Witten, “An algebra of observables for de Sitter space,” JHEP
Original
2023
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