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A rapidly increasing amount of human conversation occurs online.
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DC Mutz, Cross-cutting social networks: Testing democratic theory in practice · 2002
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(Jawe Press, Greenwich, CT) Vol. 6, pp. 151–193 (2002)
T Mendelberg, The deliberative citizen: Theory and evidence in Political decision making, deliberation and participation · 2002
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MR Steenbergen, A Bächtiger, M Spörndli, J Steiner, Measuring political deliberation: A discourse quality index · 2003
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A Gutmann, D Thompson, Why deliberative democracy? · 2004
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DC Mutz, Hearing the other side: Deliberative versus participatory democracy · 2006
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M Yeomans, A Kantor, D Tingley, The politeness package: Detecting politeness in natural language · 2008
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(University of Chicago Press), (2009)
LR Jacobs, FL Cook, MXD Carpini, Talking together: Public deliberation and political participation in America · 2009
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MMH Pollmann, C Fikenauer, Investigating the role of two types of understanding in relationship well-being: Understanding is more important than knowledge · 2009
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S Harlow, Social media and social movements: Facebook and an online guatemalan justice movement that moved offline · 2011
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J Dewey, The public and its problems: An essay in political inquiry · 2012
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L Rainie, A Lenhart, A Smith, The tone of life on social networking sites · 2012
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MR Wolf, JC Strachan, DM Shea, Incivility and standing firm: A second layer of partisan division · 2012
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T Kriplean, M Toomim, J Morgan, A Borning, AJ Ko, Is this what you meant?: Promoting listening on the web with reflect · 2012
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AS Gerber, DP Green, Field experiments: Design, analysis, and interpretation · 2012
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K O’Brien, W Forrest, D Lynott, M Daly, Racism, gun ownership and gun control: Biased attitudes in us whites may influence policy decisions · 2013
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A Dobson, Listening for democracy : Recognition, representation, reconciliation · 2014
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PR Miller, PJ Conover, Why partisan warriors don’t listen: The gendered dynamics of intergroup anxiety and partisan conflict · 2015
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DV Shah, Conversation is the soul of democracy: Expression effects, communication mediation, and digital media · 2016
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D Broockman, J Kalla, Durably reducing transphobia: A field experiment on door-to-door canvassing · 2016
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AM Gordon, S Chen, Do you get where i’m coming from?: Perceived understanding buffers against the negative impact of conflict on relationship satisfaction · 2016
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A Muddiman, Personal and public levels of political incivility · 2017
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HT Reis, EP Lemay Jr, C Finkenauer, Toward understanding understanding: The importance of feeling understood in relationships · 2017
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K Munger, Tweetment effects on the tweeted: Experimentally reducing racist harassment · 2017
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A Caliskan, JJ Bryson, A Narayanan, Semantics derived automatically from language corpora contain human-like biases · 2017
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P Esaissaon, M Gilljam, M Persson, Responsiveness beyond policy satisfaction: Does it matter to citizens? · 2017
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M Mundt, K Ross, CM Burnett, Scaling social movements through social media: The case of black lives matter · 2018
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(Cambridge University Press), (2018)
JE Settle, Frenemies: How social media polarizes America · 2018
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NP Kalmoe, JR Gubler, DA Wood, Toward conflict or compromise? How violent metaphors polarize partisan issue attitudes · 2018
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CA Bail, et al., Exposure to opposing views on social media can increase political polarization · 2018
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J Kleinberg, H Lakkaraju, J Leskovec, J Ludwig, S Mullainathan, Human decisions and machine predictions · 2018
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(Columbia University Press), (2019)
E Sydnor, Disrespectful democracy: The psychology of political incivility · 2019
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pp. 610–623 (2021)
EM Bender, T Gebru, A McMillan-Major, S Shmitchell, On the dangers of stochastic parrots: Can language models be too big? in Proceedings of the 2021 ACM conference on fairness, accountability, and transparency · 2021
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S Kim, J Eun, J Serring, J Lee, Moderator chatbot for deliberative discussion: Effects of discussion structure and discussant facilitation · 2021
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A Filindra, NJ Kaplan, BE Buyuker, Racial resentment or sexism? White Americans’ outgroup attitudes as predictors of gun ownership and nra membership · 2021
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(Princeton University Press), (2021)
MJ Lacombe, Firepower: How the NRA turned gun owners into a political force · 2021
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PR Center, Amid a series of mass shootings in the U.S., gun policy remains deeply divisive · 2021
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EL Paluck, R Porat, CS Clark, DP Green, Prejudice reduction: Progress and challenges · 2021
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J Garsd, In an increasingly polarized America, is it possible to be civil on social media? · 2019
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T Panch, H Mattie, R Atun, Artificial intelligence and algorithmic bias: Implications for health systems · 2019
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Z Obermeyer, B Powers, C Vogeli, S Mullainathan, Dissecting racial bias in an algorithm used to manage the health of populations · 2019
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EL Paluck, SA Green, DP Green, The contact hypothesis re-evaluated · 2019
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MJ Lacombe, AJ Howat, JE Rothschild, Gun ownership as a social identity: Estimating behavioral and attitudinal relationships · 2019
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EJ Finkel, et al., Political sectarianism in America · 2020
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E Santoro, DE Broockman, The promise and pitfalls of cross-partisan conversations for reducing affective polarization: Evidence from randomized experiments · 2022
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(Cambridge University Press), (2022)
TN Carlson, JE Settle, What goes without saying · 2022
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(University of Chicago Press), (2022)
NP Kalmoe, L Mason, Radical American partisanship: Mapping violent hostility, its causes, and the consequences for democracy · 2022
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(Cambridge University Press), (2022)
Y Krupnikov, JB Ryan, The other divide: Polarization and disengagement in American politics · 2022
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(Cambridge University Press), (2022)
MS Levendusky, DA Stecula, We need to talk · 2022
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E Amsalem, E Merkley, PJ Loewen, Does talking to the other side reduce inter-party hostility? Evidence from three studies · 2022
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G Itzchakov, HT Reis, N Weinstein, How to foster perceived partner responsiveness: High-quality listening is key · 2022
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BM Tappin, C Wittenberg, L Hewitt, a berinsky, DG Rand, Quantifying the persuasive returns to political microtargeting (2022)
2022
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N Tiku, GD Vynck, W Oremus, Big tech was moving cautiously on AI. Then came ChatGPT · 2022
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JA Minson, FS Chen, Receptiveness to opposing views: Conceptualization and integrative review · 2022
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R Hartman, et al., Interventions to reduce partisan animosity · 2022
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D Broockman, J Kalla, S Westwood, Does affective polarization undermine democratic norms or accountability? Maybe not · 2022
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K Knobloch, J Gastil, KR Knobloch, How deliberative experiences shape subjective outcomes: A study of fifteen minipublics from 2010-2018 · 2022
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N Bleu, 27 latest Facebook Messenger statistics (2023 edition) · 2023
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M Aggarwal, et al., A 2 million-person, campaign-wide field experiment shows how digital advertising affects voter turnout · 2023
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LP Argyle, et al., Out of one, many: Using language models to simulate human samples · 2023
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A Sharma, IW Lin, AS Miner, DC Atkins, T Althoff, Human–AI collaboration enables more empathic conversations in text-based peer-to-peer mental health support · 2023
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D Kreiss, SC McGregor, A review and provocation: On polarization and platforms · 2023
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