The Gravitational-Wave Signature of Core-Collapse Supernovae

Understand

We calculate the gravitational-wave (GW) signatures of detailed 3D core-collapse supernova simulations spanning a range of massive stars.

• Most of the simulations are carried out to times late enough to capture more than 95% of the total GW emission.
• We find that the f/g-mode and f-mode of proto-neutron star oscillations carry away most of the GW power.
• The f-mode frequency inexorably rises as the proto-neutron star (PNS) core shrinks.