Phase space analysis of the bouncing universe with stringy effects

Understand

We use the recently modified Friedmann equations obtained from string T-duality effects that encode the zero-point length (Phys.

• Lett.
• B 836 (2023), 137621) to study the phase space analyses of a bouncing early universe.
• An important implication of such stringy effects is that they can alleviate the initial singularity since the Raychaudhuri equation is modified.