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Current image generation models struggle to reliably produce well-formed visual text.
A new algorithm for data compression
Philip Gage. 1994 · 1994
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Generating text with recurrent neural networks
Ilya Sutskever, James Martens, and Geoffrey Hinton. 2011 · 2011
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Generating sequences with recurrent neural networks
Alex Graves. 2013 · 2013
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Microsoft COCO: Common objects in context
Tsung-Yi Lin, Michael Maire, Serge Belongie, James Hays, Pietro Perona, Deva Ramanan, Piotr Dollár, and C Lawrence Zitnick. 2014 · 2014
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Neural machine translation of rare words with subword units
Rico Sennrich, Barry Haddow, and Alexandra Birch. 2016 · 2016
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GANs trained by a two time-scale update rule converge to a local Nash equilibrium
Martin Heusel, Hubert Ramsauer, Thomas Unterthiner, Bernhard Nessler, and Sepp Hochreiter. 2017 · 2017
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Deep contextualized word representations
Matthew E. Peters, Mark Neumann, Mohit Iyyer, Matt Gardner, Christopher Clark, Kenton Lee, and Luke Zettlemoyer. 2018 · 2018
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BERT: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding
Jacob Devlin, Ming-Wei Chang, Kenton Lee, and Kristina Toutanova. 2019 · 2019
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How multilingual is multilingual BERT?
Telmo Pires, Eva Schlinger, and Dan Garrette. 2019 · 2019
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Exploring the limits of transfer learning with a unified text-to-text transformer
Colin Raffel, Noam Shazeer, Adam Roberts, Katherine Lee, Sharan Narang, Michael Matena, Yanqi Zhou, Wei Li, and Peter J. Liu. 2020 · 2020
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CLIPScore: A reference-free evaluation metric for image captioning
Jack Hessel, Ari Holtzman, Maxwell Forbes, Ronan Le Bras, and Yejin Choi. 2021 · 2021
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Between words and characters: A brief history of open-vocabulary modeling and tokenization in NLP
Sabrina J. Mielke, Zaid Alyafeai, Elizabeth Salesky, Colin Raffel, Manan Dey, Matthias Gallé, Arun Raja, Chenglei Si, Wilson Y. Lee, Benoît Sagot, and Samson Tan. 2021 · 2021
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Zero-shot text-to-image generation
Aditya Ramesh, Mikhail Pavlov, Gabriel Goh, Scott Gray, Chelsea Voss, Alec Radford, Mark Chen, and Ilya Sutskever. 2021 · 2021
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High-resolution image synthesis with latent diffusion models
Palm: Scaling language modeling with pathways
Aakanksha Chowdhery, Sharan Narang, Jacob Devlin, Maarten Bosma, Gaurav Mishra, Adam Roberts, Paul Barham, Hyung Won Chung, Charles Sutton, Sebastian Gehrmann, Parker Schuh, Kensen Shi, Sasha Tsvyashchenko, Joshua Maynez, Abhishek Rao, Parker Barnes, Yi Tay, Noam Shazeer, Vinodkumar Prabhakaran, Emily Reif, Nan Du, Ben Hutchinson, Reiner Pope, James Bradbury, Jacob Austin, Michael Isard, Guy Gur-Ari, Pengcheng Yin, Toju Duke, Anselm Levskaya, Sanjay Ghemawat, Sunipa Dev, Henryk Michalewski, Xavier Garcia, Vedant Misra, Kevin Robinson, Liam Fedus, Denny Zhou, Daphne Ippolito, David Luan, Hyeontaek Lim, Barret Zoph, Alexander Spiridonov, Ryan Sepassi, David Dohan, Shivani Agrawal, Mark Omernick, Andrew M. Dai, Thanumalayan Sankaranarayana Pillai, Marie Pellat, Aitor Lewkowycz, Erica Moreira, Rewon Child, Oleksandr Polozov, Katherine Lee, Zongwei Zhou, Xuezhi Wang, Brennan Saeta, Mark Diaz, Orhan Firat, Michele Catasta, Jason Wei, Kathy Meier-Hellstern, Douglas Eck, Jeff Dean, Slav Petrov, and Noah Fiedel. 2022 · 2022
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Canine: Pre-training an efficient tokenization-free encoder for language representation
Jonathan H. Clark, Dan Garrette, Iulia Turc, and John Wieting. 2022 · 2022
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Models in a spelling bee: Language models implicitly learn the character composition of tokens
Itay Itzhak and Omer Levy. 2022 · 2022
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What do tokens know about their characters and how do they know it?
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Robin Rombach, Andreas Blattmann, Dominik Lorenz, Patrick Esser, and Björn Ommer. 2021 · 2021
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LAION-400M: open dataset of clip-filtered 400 million image-text pairs
Christoph Schuhmann, Richard Vencu, Romain Beaumont, Robert Kaczmarczyk, Clayton Mullis, Aarush Katta, Theo Coombes, Jenia Jitsev, and Aran Komatsuzaki. 2021 · 2021
Cited alongside, same era.
Charformer: Fast character transformers via gradient-based subword tokenization
Yi Tay, Vinh Q. Tran, Sebastian Ruder, Jai Prakash Gupta, Hyung Won Chung, Dara Bahri, Zhen Qin, Simon Baumgartner, Cong Yu, and Donald Metzler. 2021 · 2021
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mT5: A massively multilingual pre-trained text-to-text transformer
Linting Xue, Noah Constant, Adam Roberts, Mihir Kale, Rami Al-Rfou, Aditya Siddhant, Aditya Barua, and Colin Raffel. 2021 · 2021
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eDiff-I: Text-to-image diffusion models with an ensemble of expert denoisers
Yogesh Balaji, Seungjun Nah, Xun Huang, Arash Vahdat, Jiaming Song, Karsten Kreis, Miika Aittala, Timo Aila, Samuli Laine, Bryan Catanzaro, Tero Karras, and Ming-Yu Liu. 2022 · 2022
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Ayush Kaushal and Kyle Mahowald. 2022 · 2022
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Hierarchical text-conditional image generation with CLIP latents
Aditya Ramesh, Prafulla Dhariwal, Alex Nichol, Casey Chu, and Mark Chen. 2022 · 2022
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Photorealistic text-to-image diffusion models with deep language understanding
Chitwan Saharia, William Chan, Saurabh Saxena, Lala Li, Jay Whang, Emily Denton, Seyed Kamyar Seyed Ghasemipour, Burcu Karagol Ayan, S Sara Mahdavi, Rapha Gontijo Lopes, et al. 2022 · 2022
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ByT5: Towards a token-free future with pre-trained byte-to-byte models
Linting Xue, Aditya Barua, Noah Constant, Rami Al-Rfou, Sharan Narang, Mihir Kale, Adam Roberts, and Colin Raffel. 2022 · 2022
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Scaling autoregressive models for content-rich text-to-image generation
Jiahui Yu, Yuanzhong Xu, Jing Yu Koh, Thang Luong, Gunjan Baid, Zirui Wang, Vijay Vasudevan, Alexander Ku, Yinfei Yang, Burcu Karagol Ayan, et al. 2022 · 2022
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