On the viability of $f(Q)$ gravity models

Understand

In general relativity, the contracted Bianchi identity makes the field equation compatible with the energy conservation, likewise in $f(R)$ theories of gravity.

• We show that this classical phenomenon is not guaranteed in the symmetric teleparallel theory, and rather generally $f(Q)$ model specific.
• We further prove that the energy conservation criterion is equivalent to the affine connection's field equation of $f(Q)$ theory, and except the $f(Q)=\alpha Q+\beta$ model, the non-linear $f(Q)$ models do not satisfy the energy conservation or, equivalently the second field equation in every spacetime geometry; unless $Q$ itself is a constant.
• So the problem is deep-rooted in the theory, several physically motivated examples are provided in the support.