Magnetic octupoles as the order parameter for unconventional antiferromagnetism

Understand

We show that time-reversal symmetry broken, centrosymmetric antiferromagnets with nonrelativistic spin-splitting are conveniently described in terms of the ferroic ordering of magnetic octupoles.

• The magnetic octupoles are the lowest-order ferroically ordered magnetic quantity in this case, and so are the natural order parameter for the transition into the magnetically ordered state.
• They provide a unified description of the broken time-reversal symmetry and the non-relativistic spin splitting as well as a platform for manipulating the latter, and account for other phenomena, such as piezomagnetism, characteristic of this class of antiferromagnets.
• Unusually for antiferromagnets, we show that the magnetic octupoles cause a non-zero magnetic Compton scattering, providing a route for their direct experimental detection.