Built on

Nora Weickgenannt, Xin-Li Sheng, Enrico Speranza, Qun Wang, and Dirk H. Rischke, “Kinetic theory for massive spin-1/2 particles from the Wigner-function formalism,” Phys. Rev. D 100
Original
1902
Earlier work this paper cites.
Takuya Hasegawa, Nagisa Hiroshima, Kazunori Kohri, Rasmus S. L. Hansen, Thomas Tram, and Steen Hannestad, “MeV-scale reheating temperature and thermalization of oscillating neutrinos by radiative and hadronic decays of massive particles,” JCAP 12
Original
1908
Earlier work this paper cites.
Adam Alloul, Neil D. Christensen, Céline Degrande, Claude Duhr, and Benjamin Fuks, “FeynRules 2.0 - A complete toolbox for tree-level phenomenology,” Comput. Phys. Commun. 185
Original
1921
Earlier work this paper cites.
T. Kinoshita, “Mass singularities of Feynman amplitudes,” J. Math. Phys. 3
1962
Earlier work this paper cites.
T. D. Lee and M. Nauenberg, “Degenerate Systems and Mass Singularities,” Phys. Rev. 133
1964
Earlier work this paper cites.
Steven Weinberg, Gravitation and Cosmology: Principles and Applications of the General Theory of Relativity (John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1972)
1972
Earlier work this paper cites.
L.P. Grishchuk, “Amplification of gravitational waves in an isotropic universe ,” JETP 40
1975
Earlier work this paper cites.
A. A. Starobinskii, “Spectrum of relict gravitational radiation and the early state of the universe ,” JETP Letters 30
1979
Earlier work this paper cites.
V.A. Rubakov, M.V. Sazhin, and A.V. Veryaskin, “Graviton creation in the inflationary universe and the grand unification scale,” Physics Letters B 115
1982
Earlier work this paper cites.
R. Fabbri and M. D. Pollock, “The effect of primordially produced gravitons upon the anisotropy of the cosmological microwave background radiation,” Physics Letters B 125
1983
Earlier work this paper cites.
Edward Witten, “Cosmic Separation of Phases,” Phys. Rev. D 30
1984
Earlier work this paper cites.
C. J. Hogan, “Gravitational radiation from cosmological phase transitions,” Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 218
1986
Earlier work this paper cites.
M. Fukugita and T. Yanagida, “Baryogenesis Without Grand Unification,” Phys. Lett. B174
1986
Earlier work this paper cites.
Edward W Kolb and Michael Stanley Turner, The early universe , Frontiers in physics (Westview Press, Boulder, CO, 1990)
1990
Earlier work this paper cites.
G. Baym, H. Monien, C. J. Pethick, and D. G. Ravenhall, “Transverse Interactions and Transport in Relativistic Quark - Gluon and Electromagnetic Plasmas,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 64
1990
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. Y. Choi, J. S. Shim, and H. S. Song, “Factorization and polarization in linearized gravity,” Phys. Rev. D 51
1995
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. Y. Khlebnikov and I. I. Tkachev, “Relic gravitational waves produced after preheating,” Phys. Rev. D 56
1997
Earlier work this paper cites.
Gary N. Felder, Lev Kofman, and Andrei D. Linde, “Instant preheating,” Phys. Rev. D 59
1999
Earlier work this paper cites.
M. Kawasaki, Kazunori Kohri, and Naoshi Sugiyama, “Cosmological constraints on late time entropy production,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 82
1999
Earlier work this paper cites.
Thibault Damour and Alexander Vilenkin, “Gravitational wave bursts from cosmic strings,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 85
2000
Earlier work this paper cites.
M. Kawasaki, Kazunori Kohri, and Naoshi Sugiyama, “MeV scale reheating temperature and thermalization of neutrino background,” Phys. Rev. D 62
2000
Earlier work this paper cites.
Thibault Damour and Alexander Vilenkin, “Gravitational wave bursts from cusps and kinks on cosmic strings,” Phys. Rev. D 64
2001
Earlier work this paper cites.

Similar

Robert Brandenberger and Ziwei Wang, “Nonsingular Ekpyrotic Cosmology with a Nearly Scale-Invariant Spectrum of Cosmological Perturbations and Gravitational Waves,” Phys. Rev. D 101
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2001
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Gian Francesco Giudice, Edward W. Kolb, and Antonio Riotto, “Largest temperature of the radiation era and its cosmological implications,” Phys. Rev. D 64
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Thomas Hahn, “Generating Feynman diagrams and amplitudes with FeynArts 3,” Comput. Phys. Commun. 140
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Di-Lun Yang, Koichi Hattori, and Yoshimasa Hidaka, “Effective quantum kinetic theory for spin transport of fermions with collsional effects,” JHEP 07
Original

Then

J. Ghiglieri and M. Laine, “Gravitational wave background from Standard Model physics: Qualitative features,” JCAP 07
Original
2015
Later among the works it cites.
N. E. J. Bjerrum-Bohr, Barry R. Holstein, Ludovic Planté, and Pierre Vanhove, “Graviton-Photon Scattering,” Phys. Rev. D 91
Original
2015
Later among the works it cites.
M. Laine and M. Meyer, “Standard Model thermodynamics across the electroweak crossover,” JCAP 07
Original
2015
Later among the works it cites.
B. P. Abbott et al
2016
Later among the works it cites.
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Original
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2022

Freezing-In Gravitational Waves

Ghiglieri, Jacopo, Schütte-Engel, Jan, Speranza, Enrico

Understand

The thermal plasma in the early universe produced a stochastic gravitational wave (GW) background, which peaks today in the microwave regime and was dubbed the cosmic gravitational microwave background (CGMB).

In previous works only single graviton production processes that contribute to the CGMB have been considered.
Here we also investigate graviton pair production processes and show that these can lead to a significant contribution if the ratio between the maximum temperature and the Planck mass, $T_{\rm max}/m_{\rm p}$, divided by the internal coupling in the heat bath is large enough.
As the dark matter freeze-in production mechanism is conceptually very similar to the GW production mechanism from the primordial thermal plasma, we refer to the latter as ``GW freeze-in production''.

Built on

Nora Weickgenannt, Xin-Li Sheng, Enrico Speranza, Qun Wang, and Dirk H. Rischke, “Kinetic theory for massive spin-1/2 particles from the Wigner-function formalism,” Phys. Rev. D 100
Original
1902
Earlier work this paper cites.
Takuya Hasegawa, Nagisa Hiroshima, Kazunori Kohri, Rasmus S. L. Hansen, Thomas Tram, and Steen Hannestad, “MeV-scale reheating temperature and thermalization of oscillating neutrinos by radiative and hadronic decays of massive particles,” JCAP 12
Original
1908
Earlier work this paper cites.
Adam Alloul, Neil D. Christensen, Céline Degrande, Claude Duhr, and Benjamin Fuks, “FeynRules 2.0 - A complete toolbox for tree-level phenomenology,” Comput. Phys. Commun. 185
Original
1921
Earlier work this paper cites.
T. Kinoshita, “Mass singularities of Feynman amplitudes,” J. Math. Phys. 3
1962
Earlier work this paper cites.
T. D. Lee and M. Nauenberg, “Degenerate Systems and Mass Singularities,” Phys. Rev. 133
1964
Earlier work this paper cites.
Steven Weinberg, Gravitation and Cosmology: Principles and Applications of the General Theory of Relativity (John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1972)
1972
Earlier work this paper cites.
L.P. Grishchuk, “Amplification of gravitational waves in an isotropic universe ,” JETP 40
1975
Earlier work this paper cites.
A. A. Starobinskii, “Spectrum of relict gravitational radiation and the early state of the universe ,” JETP Letters 30
1979
Earlier work this paper cites.
V.A. Rubakov, M.V. Sazhin, and A.V. Veryaskin, “Graviton creation in the inflationary universe and the grand unification scale,” Physics Letters B 115
1982
Earlier work this paper cites.
R. Fabbri and M. D. Pollock, “The effect of primordially produced gravitons upon the anisotropy of the cosmological microwave background radiation,” Physics Letters B 125
1983
Earlier work this paper cites.
Edward Witten, “Cosmic Separation of Phases,” Phys. Rev. D 30
1984
Earlier work this paper cites.
C. J. Hogan, “Gravitational radiation from cosmological phase transitions,” Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 218
1986
Earlier work this paper cites.
M. Fukugita and T. Yanagida, “Baryogenesis Without Grand Unification,” Phys. Lett. B174
1986
Earlier work this paper cites.
Edward W Kolb and Michael Stanley Turner, The early universe , Frontiers in physics (Westview Press, Boulder, CO, 1990)
1990
Earlier work this paper cites.
G. Baym, H. Monien, C. J. Pethick, and D. G. Ravenhall, “Transverse Interactions and Transport in Relativistic Quark - Gluon and Electromagnetic Plasmas,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 64
1990
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. Y. Choi, J. S. Shim, and H. S. Song, “Factorization and polarization in linearized gravity,” Phys. Rev. D 51
1995
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. Y. Khlebnikov and I. I. Tkachev, “Relic gravitational waves produced after preheating,” Phys. Rev. D 56
1997
Earlier work this paper cites.
Gary N. Felder, Lev Kofman, and Andrei D. Linde, “Instant preheating,” Phys. Rev. D 59
1999
Earlier work this paper cites.
M. Kawasaki, Kazunori Kohri, and Naoshi Sugiyama, “Cosmological constraints on late time entropy production,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 82
1999
Earlier work this paper cites.
Thibault Damour and Alexander Vilenkin, “Gravitational wave bursts from cosmic strings,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 85
2000
Earlier work this paper cites.
M. Kawasaki, Kazunori Kohri, and Naoshi Sugiyama, “MeV scale reheating temperature and thermalization of neutrino background,” Phys. Rev. D 62
2000
Earlier work this paper cites.
Thibault Damour and Alexander Vilenkin, “Gravitational wave bursts from cusps and kinks on cosmic strings,” Phys. Rev. D 64
2001
Earlier work this paper cites.

Similar

Robert Brandenberger and Ziwei Wang, “Nonsingular Ekpyrotic Cosmology with a Nearly Scale-Invariant Spectrum of Cosmological Perturbations and Gravitational Waves,” Phys. Rev. D 101
Original
2001
Cited alongside, same era.
Gian Francesco Giudice, Edward W. Kolb, and Antonio Riotto, “Largest temperature of the radiation era and its cosmological implications,” Phys. Rev. D 64
2001
Cited alongside, same era.
Thomas Hahn, “Generating Feynman diagrams and amplitudes with FeynArts 3,” Comput. Phys. Commun. 140
2001
Cited alongside, same era.
Arthur Kosowsky, Andrew Mack, and Tinatin Kahniashvili, “Gravitational radiation from cosmological turbulence,” Phys. Rev. D 66
2002
Cited alongside, same era.
Di-Lun Yang, Koichi Hattori, and Yoshimasa Hidaka, “Effective quantum kinetic theory for spin transport of fermions with collsional effects,” JHEP 07
Original

Then

J. Ghiglieri and M. Laine, “Gravitational wave background from Standard Model physics: Qualitative features,” JCAP 07
Original
2015
Later among the works it cites.
N. E. J. Bjerrum-Bohr, Barry R. Holstein, Ludovic Planté, and Pierre Vanhove, “Graviton-Photon Scattering,” Phys. Rev. D 91
Original
2015
Later among the works it cites.
M. Laine and M. Meyer, “Standard Model thermodynamics across the electroweak crossover,” JCAP 07
Original
2015
Later among the works it cites.
B. P. Abbott et al
2016
Later among the works it cites.
Yohei Ema, Ryusuke Jinno, Kyohei Mukaida, and Kazunori Nakayama, “Gravitational particle production in oscillating backgrounds and its cosmological implications,” Phys. Rev. D 94
Original
2016

Beyond the bibliography

alphaXiv searches the wider corpus for related work and actual follow-ups.

Open on alphaXiv

alphaXiv is searching for related work…

2002

Cited alongside, same era.

Alberto Nicolis, “Relic gravitational waves from colliding bubbles and cosmic turbulence,” Class. Quant. Grav. 21

2004

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J. Ghiglieri, G. Jackson, M. Laine, and Y. Zhu, “Gravitational wave background from Standard Model physics: Complete leading order,” JHEP 07

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2004

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Betty X. Hu and Abraham Loeb, “An Upper Limit on the Initial Temperature of the Radiation-Dominated Universe,” JCAP 01

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2004

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Steen Hannestad, “What is the lowest possible reheating temperature?” Phys. Rev. D70

2004

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Nora Weickgenannt, Enrico Speranza, Xin-li Sheng, Qun Wang, and Dirk H. Rischke, “Generating Spin Polarization from Vorticity through Nonlocal Collisions,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 127

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2005

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Yohei Ema, Ryusuke Jinno, and Kazunori Nakayama, “High-frequency Graviton from Inflaton Oscillation,” JCAP 09

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2006

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Chiara Caprini and Ruth Durrer, “Gravitational waves from stochastic relativistic sources: Primordial turbulence and magnetic fields,” Phys. Rev. D 74

2006

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Mikko Laine and Aleksi Vuorinen, Basics of Thermal Field Theory , Vol. 925 (Springer, 2016) arXiv:1701.01554 [hep-ph]

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D. Bödeker, M. Sangel, and M. Wörmann, “Equilibration, particle production, and self-energy,” Phys. Rev. D 93

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Thomas Hahn, Sebastian Paßehr, and Christian Schappacher, “FormCalc 9 and Extensions,” PoS LL2016