Dark gauge boson emission from supernova pions

Understand

The hot, neutron-rich, and dense circumstance in core-collapse supernovae provides a source of negatively charged pions that may make up a significant portion of the matter.

• These abundant thermal pions can play a role to populate light and hidden hypothetical particles.
• We discuss the dark gauge boson production via reactions involving supernova pions, the rate of which is determined by the isovector nucleon coupling.
• We take into account the two toy models, the dark photon and the gauged $B-L$ models, that carry the typical distinct isovector nucleon coupling structure in the medium.