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This paper examines the encoding of analogy in large-scale pretrained language models, such as BERT and GPT-2.
Metaphors We Live By
George Lakoff and Mark Johnson. 1980 · 1980
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Structure-mapping: A theoretical framework for analogy*
Dedre Gentner. 1983 · 1983
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The master metaphor list
George Lakoff, Jane Espenson, and Alan Schwartz. 1991 · 1991
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Mirror images of Europe: Metaphors in the public debate about Europe in Britain and Germany
Andreas Musolff. 2000 · 2000
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The Analogical Mind: Perspectives From Cognitive Science
Dedre Gentner, Keith Holyoak, and Boicho Kokinov. 2001 · 2001
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The latent relation mapping engine: Algorithm and experiments
P. D. Turney. 2008 · 2008
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The Little Blue Book: The Essential Guide to Thinking and Talking Democratic
George Lakoff and Elisabeth Wehling. 2012 · 2012
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Efficient estimation of word representations in vector space
Tomas Mikolov, Kai Chen, Greg Corrado, and Jeffrey Dean. 2013 · 2013
Cited alongside, same era.
Analogy-based detection of morphological and semantic relations with word embeddings: What works and what doesn’t
Anna Gladkova, Aleksandr Drozd, and Satoshi Matsuoka. 2016 · 2016
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The (too many) problems of analogical reasoning with word vectors
Anna Rogers, Aleksandr Drozd, and Bofang Li. 2017 · 2017
Cited alongside, same era.
BERT: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding
Jacob Devlin, Ming-Wei Chang, Kenton Lee, and Kristina Toutanova. 2019 · 2019
Cited alongside, same era.
Decoupled weight decay regularization
Ilya Loshchilov and Frank Hutter. 2019 · 2019
Cited alongside, same era.
Learning universal representations from word to sentence
Yian Li and Hai Zhao. 2020 · 2020
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Multilingual culture-independent word analogy datasets
Matej Ulčar, Kristiina Vaik, Jessica Lindström, Milda Dailidėnaitė, and Marko Robnik-Šikonja. 2020 · 2020
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Sentence analogies: Linguistic regularities in sentence embeddings
Xunjie Zhu and Gerard de Melo. 2020 · 2020
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Can gpt-3 make analogies?
Melanie Mitchell. 2020 · 2021
Later among the works it cites.
BERT is to NLP what AlexNet is to CV: Can pre-trained language models identify analogies?
Asahi Ushio, Luis Espinosa Anke, Steven Schockaert, and Jose Camacho-Collados. 2021 · 2021
Later among the works it cites.
World creation by analogy
the Latitude Team. 2020 · 2022
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Language models are unsupervised multitask learners
A. Radford, Jeffrey Wu, R. Child, David Luan, Dario Amodei, and Ilya Sutskever. 2019 · 2019
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What BERT is not: Lessons from a new suite of psycholinguistic diagnostics for language models
Allyson Ettinger. 2020 · 2020
Cited alongside, same era.
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