Phase transition amplification of proton number fluctuations in nuclear collisions from a transport model approach

Understand

The time evolution of particle number fluctuations in nuclear collisions at intermediate energies ($E_{\rm lab} = 1.23-10A$ GeV) is studied by means of the UrQMD-3.5 transport model.

• The transport description incorporates baryonic interactions through a density-dependent potential.
• This allows for an implementation of a first order phase transition including a mechanically unstable region at large baryon density.
• The scaled variance of the baryon and proton number distributions is calculated in the central cubic spatial volume of the collisions at different times.