Constraining Palatini-Horndeski theory with gravitational waves after GW170817

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In this paper, we investigate the possible parameter space of Palatini-Horndeski theory with gravitational waves in a spatially flat Universe.

• We find that if the theory satisfies the following condition: in any spatially flat cosmological background, the tensor gravitational wave speed is the speed of light $c$, then only $S = \int d^4x \sqrt{-g} \big[K(\phi,X)-G_{3}(\phi,X){\tilde{\Box}}\phi+G_{4}(\phi)\tilde{R}\big]$ is left as the possible action in Palatini-Horndeski theory.