Dynamical evolution of $U(1)$ gauged Q-balls in axisymmetry

Understand

We study the dynamics of $U(1)$ gauged Q-balls using fully non-linear numerical evolutions in axisymmetry.

• Focusing on two models with logarithmic and polynomial scalar field potentials, we numerically evolve perturbed gauged Q-ball configurations in order to assess their stability and determine the fate of unstable configurations.
• Our simulations suggest that there exist both stable and unstable branches of solutions with respect to axisymmetric perturbations.
• For solutions belonging to the stable branch, the gauged Q-balls respond to the perturbations by oscillating continuously or weakly radiating before returning to the initial configuration.