Exploring the role of parameters in variational quantum algorithms

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In this work, we introduce a quantum-control-inspired method for the characterization of variational quantum circuits using the rank of the dynamical Lie algebra associated with the hermitian generator(s) of the individual layers.

• Layer-based architectures in variational algorithms for the calculation of ground-state energies of physical systems are taken as the focus of this exploration.
• A promising connection is found between the Lie rank, the accuracy of calculated energies, and the requisite depth to attain target states via a given circuit architecture, even when using a lot of parameters which is appreciably below the number of separate terms in the generators.
• As the cost of calculating the dynamical Lie rank via an iterative process grows exponentially with the number of qubits in the circuit and therefore becomes prohibitive quickly, reliable approximations thereto are desirable.