The Moral Foundations Reddit Corpus

Language models are few-shot learners

Tom Brown, Benjamin Mann, Nick Ryder, Melanie Subbiah, Jared D Kaplan, Prafulla Dhariwal, Arvind Neelakantan, Pranav Shyam, Girish Sastry, Amanda Askell, Sandhini Agarwal, Ariel Herbert-Voss, Gretchen Krueger, Tom Henighan, Rewon Child, Aditya Ramesh, Daniel Ziegler, Jeffrey Wu, Clemens Winter, Chris Hesse, Mark Chen, Eric Sigler, Mateusz Litwin, Scott Gray, Benjamin Chess, Jack Clark, Christopher Berner, Sam McCandlish, Alec Radford, Ilya Sutskever, and Dario Amodei. 2020 · 1901

Earlier work this paper cites.

Measuring nominal scale agreement among many raters

Joseph L Fleiss. 1971 · 1971

Earlier work this paper cites.

Intuitive ethics: How innately prepared intuitions generate culturally variable virtues

Jonathan Haidt and Craig Joseph. 2004 · 2004

Earlier work this paper cites.

Quantifying latent moral foundations in twitter narratives: The case of the syrian white helmets misinformation

Original

Ece Çiğdem Mutlu, Toktam Oghaz, Ege Tütüncüler, Jasser Jasser, and Ivan Garibay. 2020 · 2004

Earlier work this paper cites.

The kappa statistic in reliability studies: use, interpretation, and sample size requirements

Julius Sim and Chris C Wright. 2005 · 2005

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Multi-label classification: An overview

Grigorios Tsoumakas and Ioannis Katakis. 2007 · 2007

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Multi-label text categorization with model combination based on f1-score maximization

Akinori Fujino, Hideki Isozaki, and Jun Suzuki. 2008 · 2008

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From my cold, dead hands: Democratic consequences of sacred rhetoric

Morgan Marietta. 2008 · 2008

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Liberals and conservatives rely on different sets of moral foundations

Jesse Graham, Jonathan Haidt, and Brian A Nosek. 2009 · 2009

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Mapping the moral domain

Jesse Graham, Brian A Nosek, Jonathan Haidt, Ravi Iyer, Spassena Koleva, and Peter H Ditto. 2011 · 2011

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The righteous mind: Why good people are divided by politics and religion

Jonathan Haidt. 2012 · 2012

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A solution to the mysteries of morality

Peter DeScioli and Robert Kurzban. 2013 · 2013

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Moral foundations theory: The pragmatic validity of moral pluralism

Jesse Graham, Jonathan Haidt, Sena Koleva, Matt Motyl, Ravi Iyer, Sean P Wojcik, and Peter H Ditto. 2013 · 2013

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Getting liberals and conservatives to go green: Political ideology and congruent appeals

Blair Kidwell, Adam Farmer, and David M Hardesty. 2013 · 2013

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Mental health discourse on reddit: Self-disclosure, social support, and anonymity

Munmun De Choudhury and Sushovan De. 2014 · 2014

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Beyond point-and-shoot morality: Why cognitive (neuro) science matters for ethics

Joshua D Greene. 2014 · 2014

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Measuring moral rhetoric in text

Eyal Sagi and Morteza Dehghani. 2014 · 2014

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Rumors, false flags, and digital vigilantes: Misinformation on twitter after the 2013 boston marathon bombing

Kate Starbird, Jim Maddock, Mania Orand, Peg Achterman, and Robert M Mason. 2014 · 2014

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The language of morality

Ian Keen. 2015 · 2015

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Man is to computer programmer as woman is to homemaker? debiasing word embeddings

Tolga Bolukbasi, Kai-Wei Chang, James Y Zou, Venkatesh Saligrama, and Adam T Kalai. 2016 · 2016

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Purity homophily in social networks

Morteza Dehghani, Kate Johnson, Joe Hoover, Eyal Sagi, Justin Garten, Niki Jitendra Parmar, Stephen Vaisey, Rumen Iliev, and Jesse Graham. 2016 · 2016

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The psychology of morality: A review and analysis of empirical studies published from 1940 through 2017

Naomi Ellemers, Jojanneke Van Der Toorn, Yavor Paunov, and Thed Van Leeuwen. 2019 · 2017

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Expanding the range of environmental values: Political orientation, moral foundations, and the common ingroup

Christopher Wolsko. 2017 · 2017

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The internet’s hidden rules: An empirical study of reddit norm violations at micro, meso, and macro scales

Eshwar Chandrasekharan, Mattia Samory, Shagun Jhaver, Hunter Charvat, Amy Bruckman, Cliff Lampe, Jacob Eisenstein, and Eric Gilbert. 2018 · 2018

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Dictionaries and distributions: Combining expert knowledge and large scale textual data content analysis

Justin Garten, Joe Hoover, Kate M Johnson, Reihane Boghrati, Carol Iskiwitch, and Morteza Dehghani. 2018 · 2018

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Community interaction and conflict on the web

Srijan Kumar, William L Hamilton, Jure Leskovec, and Dan Jurafsky. 2018 · 2018

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The cognitive and cultural foundations of moral behavior

Benjamin Grant Purzycki, Anne C Pisor, Coren Apicella, Quentin Atkinson, Emma Cohen, Joseph Henrich, Richard McElreath, Rita A McNamara, Ara Norenzayan, Aiyana K Willard, et al. 2018 · 2018

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How character limit affects language usage in tweets

Arnout B Boot, Erik Tjong Kim Sang, Katinka Dijkstra, and Rolf A Zwaan. 2019 · 2019

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Extracting inter-community conflicts in reddit

Srayan Datta and Eytan Adar. 2019 · 2019

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Bert: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding

Jacob Devlin, Ming-Wei Chang, Kenton Lee, and Kristina Toutanova. 2019 · 2019

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Kinship, cooperation, and the evolution of moral systems

Benjamin Enke. 2019 · 2019

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Ethical considerations for research involving (speculative) public data

Casey Fiesler. 2019 · 2019

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Moral foundations dictionary 2.0

JA Frimer, R Boghrati, J Haidt, J Graham, and M Dehghani. 2019 · 2019

Earlier work this paper cites.

Ethical considerations in ai-based recruitment

Dena F Mujtaba and Nihar R Mahapatra. 2019 · 2019

Cited alongside, same era.

A characterization of political communities on reddit

Ahmed Soliman, Jan Hafer, and Florian Lemmerich. 2019 · 2019

Cited alongside, same era.

Moralstrength: Exploiting a moral lexicon and embedding similarity for moral foundations prediction

Oscar Araque, Lorenzo Gatti, and Kyriaki Kalimeri. 2020 · 2020

Cited alongside, same era.

The mad model of moral contagion: The role of motivation, attention, and design in the spread of moralized content online

William J Brady, Molly J Crockett, and Jay J Van Bavel. 2020 · 2020

Cited alongside, same era.

An evaluation of document clustering and topic modelling in two online social networks: Twitter and reddit

Stephan A Curiskis, Barry Drake, Thomas R Osborn, and Paul J Kennedy. 2020 · 2020

Cited alongside, same era.

Noise audits improve moral foundation classification

Negar Mokhberian, Frederic R Hopp, Bahareh Harandizadeh, Fred Morstatter, and Kristina Lerman. 2022 · 2022

Closest in time.

Millions of co-purchases and reviews reveal the spread of polarization and lifestyle politics across online markets

Original

Alexander Ruch, Ari Decter-Frain, and Raghav Batra. 2022 · 2022

Closest in time.

Changing americans’ attitudes about immigration: Using moral framing to bolster factual arguments

Jan G Voelkel, Mashail Malik, Chrystal Redekopp, and Robb Willer. 2022 · 2022

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Unsupervised reinforcement adaptation for class-imbalanced text classification

Yuexin Wu and Xiaolei Huang. 2022 · 2022

Closest in time.

Morality beyond the weird: How the nomological network of morality varies across cultures

Mohammad Atari, Jonathan Haidt, Jesse Graham, Sena Koleva, Sean T Stevens, and Morteza Dehghani. 2023 · 2023

Closest in time.