The Young and the Wild: What happens to Protoclusters forming at z = 4?

Understand

Using one of the largest volumes of the hydrodynamical cosmological simulation suit Magneticum, we study the evolution of protoclusters identified at redshift = 4, with properties similar to SPT2349-56.

• We identify 42 protoclusters in the simulation, as massive and equally rich in substructures as observed, confirming that these structures are already virialized.
• The dynamics of the internally fast rotating member galaxies within these protoclusters resembles observations, merging rapidly to form the cores of the BCGs of the assembling clusters.
• Half of the gas reservoir of these structures is in a hot phase, with the metal-enrichment at a very early stage.