Variational thermal quantum simulation of the lattice Schwinger model

Understand

Confinement of quarks due to the strong interaction and the deconfinement at high temperatures and high densities are a basic paradigm for understanding the nuclear matter.

• Their simulation, however, is very challenging for classical computers due to the sign problem of solving equilibrium states of finite-temperature quantum chromodynamical systems at finite density.
• In this paper, we propose a variational approach, using the lattice Schwinger model, to simulate the confinement or deconfinement by investigating the string tension.
• We adopt an ansatz that the string tension can be evaluated without referring to quantum protocols for measuring the entropy in the free energy.