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Self-supervised pretraining has made few-shot learning possible for many NLP tasks.
Language models are few-shot learners
Tom Brown, Benjamin Mann, Nick Ryder, Melanie Subbiah, Jared D Kaplan, Prafulla Dhariwal, Arvind Neelakantan, Pranav Shyam, Girish Sastry, Amanda Askell, Sandhini Agarwal, Ariel Herbert-Voss, Gretchen Krueger, Tom Henighan, Rewon Child, Aditya Ramesh, Daniel Ziegler, Jeffrey Wu, Clemens Winter, Chris Hesse, Mark Chen, Eric Sigler, Mateusz Litwin, Scott Gray, Benjamin Chess, Jack Clark, Christopher Berner, Sam McCandlish, Alec Radford, Ilya Sutskever, and Dario Amodei. 2020 · 1901
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Unifying question answering, text classification, and regression via span extraction
Nitish Shirish Keskar, Bryan McCann, Caiming Xiong, and Richard Socher. 2019 · 1904
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Roberta: A robustly optimized bert pretraining approach
Yinhan Liu, Myle Ott, Naman Goyal, Jingfei Du, Mandar Joshi, Danqi Chen, Omer Levy, Mike Lewis, Luke Zettlemoyer, and Veselin Stoyanov. 2019 · 1907
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Few-shot intent detection via contrastive pre-training and fine-tuning
Jianguo Zhang, Trung Bui, Seunghyun Yoon, Xiang Chen, Zhiwei Liu, Congying Xia, Quan Hung Tran, Walter Chang, and Philip Yu. 2021 · 1912
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ROUGE: A package for automatic evaluation of summaries
Chin-Yew Lin. 2004 · 2004
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The second PASCAL recognising textual entailment challenge
Roy Bar Haim, Ido Dagan, Bill Dolan, Lisa Ferro, Danilo Giampiccolo, Bernardo Magnini, and Idan Szpektor. 2006 · 2006
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The PASCAL recognising textual entailment challenge
Ido Dagan, Oren Glickman, and Bernardo Magnini. 2006 · 2006
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The third PASCAL recognizing textual entailment challenge
Danilo Giampiccolo, Bernardo Magnini, Ido Dagan, and Bill Dolan. 2007 · 2007
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The fifth PASCAL recognizing textual entailment challenge
Luisa Bentivogli, Ido Dagan, Hoa Trang Dang, Danilo Giampiccolo, and Bernardo Magnini. 2009 · 2009
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The turking test: Can language models understand instructions?
Avia Efrat and Omer Levy. 2020 · 2010
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The Winograd schema challenge
Hector J Levesque, Ernest Davis, and Leora Morgenstern. 2011 · 2011
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Choice of plausible alternatives: An evaluation of commonsense causal reasoning
Melissa Roemmele, Cosmin Adrian Bejan, and Andrew S. Gordon. 2011 · 2011
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The LAMBADA dataset: Word prediction requiring a broad discourse context
Denis Paperno, Germán Kruszewski, Angeliki Lazaridou, Ngoc Quan Pham, Raffaella Bernardi, Sandro Pezzelle, Marco Baroni, Gemma Boleda, and Raquel Fernández. 2016 · 2016
Earlier work this paper cites.
Discourse-based objectives for fast unsupervised sentence representation learning
Yacine Jernite, Samuel R Bowman, and David Sontag. 2017 · 2017
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Learning what is essential in questions
Daniel Khashabi, Tushar Khot, Ashish Sabharwal, and Dan Roth. 2017 · 2017
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Automatic differentiation in PyTorch
Adam Paszke, Sam Gross, Soumith Chintala, Gregory Chanan, Edward Yang, Zachary DeVito, Zeming Lin, Alban Desmaison, Luca Antiga, and Adam Lerer. 2017 · 2017
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Universal language model fine-tuning for text classification
Jeremy Howard and Sebastian Ruder. 2018 · 2018
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Looking beyond the surface: A challenge set for reading comprehension over multiple sentences
Daniel Khashabi, Snigdha Chaturvedi, Michael Roth, Shyam Upadhyay, and Dan Roth. 2018 · 2018
Earlier work this paper cites.
The natural language decathlon: Multitask learning as question answering
Bryan McCann, Nitish Shirish Keskar, Caiming Xiong, and Richard Socher. 2018 · 2018
Earlier work this paper cites.
Sentence encoders on stilts: Supplementary training on intermediate labeled-data tasks
Jason Phang, Thibault Févry, and Samuel R Bowman. 2018 · 2018
Earlier work this paper cites.
Improving language understanding by generative pre-training
Alec Radford, Karthik Narasimhan, Tim Salimans, and Ilya Sutskever. 2018 · 2018
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ReCoRD: Bridging the gap between human and machine commonsense reading comprehension
Sheng Zhang, Xiaodong Liu, Jingjing Liu, Jianfeng Gao, Kevin Duh, and Benjamin Van Durme. 2018 · 2018
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Evaluation benchmarks and learning criteria for discourse-aware sentence representations
Mingda Chen, Zewei Chu, and Kevin Gimpel. 2019 · 2019
Earlier work this paper cites.
BoolQ: Exploring the surprising difficulty of natural yes/no questions
Christopher Clark, Kenton Lee, Ming-Wei Chang, Tom Kwiatkowski, Michael Collins, and Kristina Toutanova. 2019 · 2019
Earlier work this paper cites.
Quoref: A reading comprehension dataset with questions requiring coreferential reasoning
Pradeep Dasigi, Nelson F. Liu, Ana Marasović, Noah A. Smith, and Matt Gardner. 2019 · 2019
Earlier work this paper cites.
The CommitmentBank: Investigating projection in naturally occurring discourse
Marie-Catherine De Marneffe, Mandy Simons, and Judith Tonhauser. 2019 · 2019
Earlier work this paper cites.
BERT: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding
Jacob Devlin, Ming-Wei Chang, Kenton Lee, and Kristina Toutanova. 2019 · 2019
Earlier work this paper cites.
DROP: A reading comprehension benchmark requiring discrete reasoning over paragraphs
Dheeru Dua, Yizhong Wang, Pradeep Dasigi, Gabriel Stanovsky, Sameer Singh, and Matt Gardner. 2019 · 2019
Earlier work this paper cites.
Cosmos QA: Machine reading comprehension with contextual commonsense reasoning
Lifu Huang, Ronan Le Bras, Chandra Bhagavatula, and Yejin Choi. 2019 · 2019
Cited alongside, same era.
fairseq: A fast, extensible toolkit for sequence modeling
Myle Ott, Sergey Edunov, Alexei Baevski, Angela Fan, Sam Gross, Nathan Ng, David Grangier, and Michael Auli. 2019 · 2019
Cited alongside, same era.
WiC: the word-in-context dataset for evaluating context-sensitive meaning representations
Mohammad Taher Pilehvar and Jose Camacho-Collados. 2019 · 2019
Cited alongside, same era.
Superglue: A stickier benchmark for general-purpose language understanding systems
Alex Wang, Yada Pruksachatkun, Nikita Nangia, Amanpreet Singh, Julian Michael, Felix Hill, Omer Levy, and Samuel Bowman. 2019 · 2019
Cited alongside, same era.
Benchmarking zero-shot text classification: Datasets, evaluation and entailment approach
Wenpeng Yin, Jamaal Hay, and Dan Roth. 2019 · 2019
Cited alongside, same era.
The power of scale for parameter-efficient prompt tuning
Brian Lester, Rami Al-Rfou, and Noah Constant. 2021 · 2021
Later among the works it cites.
Prefix-tuning: Optimizing continuous prompts for generation
Xiang Lisa Li and Percy Liang. 2021 · 2021
Later among the works it cites.
What makes good in-context examples for gpt-3?
Jiachang Liu, Dinghan Shen, Yizhe Zhang, Bill Dolan, Lawrence Carin, and Weizhu Chen. 2021 · 2021
Later among the works it cites.
Fantastically ordered prompts and where to find them: Overcoming few-shot prompt order sensitivity
Yao Lu, Max Bartolo, Alastair Moore, Sebastian Riedel, and Pontus Stenetorp. 2021 · 2021
Later among the works it cites.
Self-training improves pre-training for few-shot learning in task-oriented dialog systems
Fei Mi, Wanhao Zhou, Lingjing Kong, Fengyu Cai, Minlie Huang, and Boi Faltings. 2021 · 2021
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“going on a vacation” takes longer than “going for a walk”: A study of temporal commonsense understanding
Ben Zhou, Daniel Khashabi, Qiang Ning, and Dan Roth. 2019 · 2019
Cited alongside, same era.
Self-supervised meta-learning for few-shot natural language classification tasks
Trapit Bansal, Rishikesh Jha, Tsendsuren Munkhdalai, and Andrew McCallum. 2020 · 2020
Cited alongside, same era.
KGPT: Knowledge-grounded pre-training for data-to-text generation
Wenhu Chen, Yu Su, Xifeng Yan, and William Yang Wang. 2020 · 2020
Cited alongside, same era.
Qasc: A dataset for question answering via sentence composition
Tushar Khot, Peter Clark, Michal Guerquin, Peter Alexander Jansen, and Ashish Sabharwal. 2020 · 2020
Cited alongside, same era.
BART: Denoising sequence-to-sequence pre-training for natural language generation, translation, and comprehension
Mike Lewis, Yinhan Liu, Naman Goyal, Marjan Ghazvininejad, Abdelrahman Mohamed, Omer Levy, Veselin Stoyanov, and Luke Zettlemoyer. 2020 · 2020
Cited alongside, same era.
English intermediate-task training improves zero-shot cross-lingual transfer too
Jason Phang, Iacer Calixto, Phu Mon Htut, Yada Pruksachatkun, Haokun Liu, Clara Vania, Katharina Kann, and Samuel R. Bowman. 2020 · 2020
Cited alongside, same era.
Intermediate-task transfer learning with pretrained language models: When and why does it work?
Yada Pruksachatkun, Jason Phang, Haokun Liu, Phu Mon Htut, Xiaoyi Zhang, Richard Yuanzhe Pang, Clara Vania, Katharina Kann, and Samuel R. Bowman. 2020 · 2020
Cited alongside, same era.
Later among the works it cites.
Metaicl: Learning to learn in context
Sewon Min, Mike Lewis, Luke Zettlemoyer, and Hannaneh Hajishirzi. 2021 · 2021
Later among the works it cites.
Cross-task generalization via natural language crowdsourcing instructions
Swaroop Mishra, Daniel Khashabi, Chitta Baral, and Hannaneh Hajishirzi. 2021 · 2021
Later among the works it cites.
Cross-lingual intermediate fine-tuning improves dialogue state tracking
Nikita Moghe, Mark Steedman, and Alexandra Birch. 2021 · 2021
Later among the works it cites.
What to pre-train on? Efficient intermediate task selection
Clifton Poth, Jonas Pfeiffer, Andreas Rücklé, and Iryna Gurevych. 2021 · 2021
Later among the works it cites.
Learning how to ask: Querying LMs with mixtures of soft prompts
Guanghui Qin and Jason Eisner. 2021 · 2021
Later among the works it cites.
Prompt programming for large language models: Beyond the few-shot paradigm
Laria Reynolds and Kyle McDonell. 2021 · 2021
Later among the works it cites.
Few-shot text generation with natural language instructions
Timo Schick and Hinrich Schütze. 2021b · 2021
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It’s not just size that matters: Small language models are also few-shot learners
Timo Schick and Hinrich Schütze. 2021c · 2021
Later among the works it cites.
Improving and simplifying pattern exploiting training
Derek Tam, Rakesh R. Menon, Mohit Bansal, Shashank Srivastava, and Colin Raffel. 2021 · 2021
Later among the works it cites.
STraTA: Self-training with task augmentation for better few-shot learning
Tu Vu, Minh-Thang Luong, Quoc Le, Grady Simon, and Mohit Iyyer. 2021 · 2021
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CrossFit: A few-shot learning challenge for cross-task generalization in NLP
Qinyuan Ye, Bill Yuchen Lin, and Xiang Ren. 2021 · 2021
Later among the works it cites.
Does QA-based intermediate training help fine-tuning language models for text classification?
Shiwei Zhang and Xiuzhen Zhang. 2021 · 2021
Later among the works it cites.
Calibrate before use: Improving few-shot performance of language models
Zihao Zhao, Eric Wallace, Shi Feng, Dan Klein, and Sameer Singh. 2021 · 2021
Later among the works it cites.
Adapting language models for zero-shot learning by meta-tuning on dataset and prompt collections
Ruiqi Zhong, Kristy Lee, Zheng Zhang, and Dan Klein. 2021 · 2021
Later among the works it cites.
In-context learning for few-shot dialogue state tracking
Yushi Hu, Chia-Hsuan Lee, Tianbao Xie, Tao Yu, Noah A Smith, and Mari Ostendorf. 2022 · 2022
Closest in time.
Unsupervised cross-task generalization via retrieval augmentation
Bill Yuchen Lin, Kangmin Tan, Chris Miller, Beiwen Tian, and Xiang Ren. 2022 · 2022
Closest in time.
Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback
Long Ouyang, Jeff Wu, Xu Jiang, Diogo Almeida, Carroll L Wainwright, Pamela Mishkin, Chong Zhang, Sandhini Agarwal, Katarina Slama, Alex Ray, et al. 2022 · 2022
Closest in time.
Multitask prompted training enables zero-shot task generalization
Victor Sanh, Albert Webson, Colin Raffel, Stephen Bach, Lintang Sutawika, Zaid Alyafeai, Antoine Chaffin, Arnaud Stiegler, Arun Raja, Manan Dey, M Saiful Bari, Canwen Xu, Urmish Thakker, Shanya Sharma Sharma, Eliza Szczechla, Taewoon Kim, Gunjan Chhablani, Nihal Nayak, Debajyoti Datta, Jonathan Chang, Mike Tian-Jian Jiang, Han Wang, Matteo Manica, Sheng Shen, Zheng Xin Yong, Harshit Pandey, Rachel Bawden, Thomas Wang, Trishala Neeraj, Jos Rozen, Abheesht Sharma, Andrea Santilli, Thibault Fevry, Jason Alan Fries, Ryan Teehan, Teven Le Scao, Stella Biderman, Leo Gao, Thomas Wolf, and Alexander M Rush. 2022 · 2022
Closest in time.
An information-theoretic approach to prompt engineering without ground truth labels
Taylor Sorensen, Joshua Robinson, Christopher Michael Rytting, Alexander Glenn Shaw, Kyle Jeffrey Rogers, Alexia Pauline Delorey, Mahmoud Khalil, Nancy Fulda, and David Wingate. 2022 · 2022
Closest in time.
Finetuned language models are zero-shot learners
Jason Wei, Maarten Bosma, Vincent Zhao, Kelvin Guu, Adams Wei Yu, Brian Lester, Nan Du, Andrew M. Dai, and Quoc V Le. 2022 · 2022
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Zeroprompt: Scaling prompt-based pretraining to 1,000 tasks improves zero-shot generalization
Hanwei Xu, Yujun Chen, Yulun Du, Nan Shao, Yanggang Wang, Haiyu Li, and Zhilin Yang. 2022 · 2022
Closest in time.
Differentiable prompt makes pre-trained language models better few-shot learners
Ningyu Zhang, Luoqiu Li, Xiang Chen, Shumin Deng, Zhen Bi, Chuanqi Tan, Fei Huang, and Huajun Chen. 2022 · 2022
Closest in time.