Timing and Multi-Channel: Novel Method for Determining the Neutrino Mass Ordering from Supernovae

Understand

One of the few remaining unknowns in the standard three-flavor neutrino oscillation paradigm is the ordering of neutrino masses.

• In this work we propose a novel method for determining neutrino mass ordering using the time information on early supernova neutrino events.
• In a core-collapse supernova, neutrinos are produced earlier than antineutrinos and, depending on the mass ordering which affects the adiabatic flavor evolution, may cause earlier observable signals in $\nu_e$ detection channels than in others.
• Hence, the time differences are sensitive to the mass ordering.