2022

Freezing Out Fluctuations in Hydro+ Near the QCD Critical Point

Pradeep, Maneesha, Rajagopal, Krishna, Stephanov, Mikhail et al.

Understand

We introduce a freeze-out procedure to convert the critical fluctuations in a droplet of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) that has, as it expanded and cooled, passed close to a posited critical point on the phase diagram into cumulants of hadron multiplicities that can subsequently be measured.

The procedure connects the out-of-equilibrium critical fluctuations described in concert with the hydrodynamic evolution of the droplet of QGP by extended hydrodynamics, known as Hydro+, with the subsequent kinetic description in terms of observable hadrons.
We introduce a critical scalar isoscalar field sigma whose fluctuations cause correlations between observed hadrons due to the couplings of the sigma field to the hadrons via their masses.
We match the QGP fluctuations obtained by solving the Hydro+ equations describing the evolution of critical fluctuations before freeze-out to the correlations of the sigma field.

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