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Linguistic steganography (LS) aims to embed secret information into a highly encoded text for covert communication.
G. J. Simmons, “The prisoners’ problem and the subliminal channel,” Advances in Cryptology , pp. 51-67, 1984
1984
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P. F. Brown, V. J. D. Pietra, S. A. D. Pietra, and R. L. Mercer, “The mathematics of statistical machine translation: parameter estimation,” Computational Linguistics , vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 263-311, 1993
1993
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S. Hochreiter, and J. Schmidhuber, “Long short-term memory,” Neural Computation , vol. 9, no. 8, pp. 1735-1780, 1997
1997
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K. Winstein, “Lexical steganography through adaptive modulation of the word choice hash,” Personal Communication , Online Available: http://web.mit.edu/keithw/tlex/
1998
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K. Papineni, S. Roukos, T. Ward, and W. Zhu, “BLEU: a method for automatic evaluation of machine translation,” Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics , pp. 311-318, 2002
2002
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Y.-L. Chiang, L.-P. Chang, W.-T. Hsieh, and W.-C. Chen, “Natural language watermarking using semantic substitution for Chinese text,” International Workshop on Digital Watermarking , pp. 129-140, 2003
2003
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Y. Shinyama, and S. Sekine, “Paraphrase acquisition for information extraction,” Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Paraphrasing , pp. 65-71, 2003
2003
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R. Bergmair, “Natural language steganography and an AI-complete security primitive,” 21st Chaos Communication Congress , pp. 1-9, 2004
2004
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M. Topkara, U. Topkara, and M. J. Atallah, “Information hiding through errors: a confusing approach,” Proceedings of the SPIE , vol. 6505, pp. 321-332, 2007
2007
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B. Murphy, and C. Vogel, “The syntax of concealment: reliable methods for plain text information hiding,” In: Proceedings of the SPIE , pp. 351-362, 2007
2007
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M. Osborne, “Statistical machine translation,” Cambridge University Press , 2009
2009
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M. Kim, O. R. Zaiane, and R. Goebel, “Natural language watermarking based on Syntactic Displacement and Morphological Division,” IEEE 34th Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference Workshops , pp. 164-169, 2010
2010
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T. Mikolov, M. Karafiat, L. Burget, J. Cernocky, and S. Khudanpur, “Recurrent neural network based language model,” Proceedings of the Interspeech , pp. 1045-1048, 2010
2010
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C.-Y. Chang, and S. Clark, “Linguistic steganography using automatically generated paraphrases,” Proc. Human Language Technologies: The 2010 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics , pp. 591-599, 2010
2010
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C.-Y. Chang, and S. Clark, “The secret’s in the word order: text-to-text generation for linguistic steganography,” Proceedings of COLING , pp. 511-528, 2012
2012
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Y. Lin, J. Michel, E. A. Lieberman, J. Orwant, W. Brockman, and S. Petrov, “Syntactic annotations for the Google books ngram corpus,” Proceedings of the ACL 2012 System Demonstrations , pp. 169-174, 2012
2012
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A. Fader, L. Zettlemoyer, and O. Etzioni, “Paraphrase-driven learning for open question answering,” Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics , pp. 1608-1618, 2013
2013
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2014
Cited alongside, same era.
2014
Cited alongside, same era.
2014
Cited alongside, same era.
T. Lin, M. Maire, S. Belongie, J. Hays, P. Perona, D. Ramanan, P. Dollar, and C. L. Zitnick, “Microsoft COCO: common objects in context,” European Conference on Computer Vision , pp. 740-755, 2014
2014
Cited alongside, same era.
2019
Later among the works it cites.
F. Z. Dai, and Z. Cai, “Towards near-imperceptible steganographic text,” Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics , pp. 4303-4308, 2019
2019
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C. Federmann, O. Elachqar, and C. Quirk, “Multilingual whispers: generating paraphrases with translation,” Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Noisy User-generated Text , pp. 17-26, 2019
2019
Later among the works it cites.
2019
Later among the works it cites.
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2014
Cited alongside, same era.
T. Luong, H. Pham, and C. D. Manning, “Effective approaches to attention-based neural machine translation,” Proceedings of the 2015 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing , pp. 1412-1421, 2015
2015
Cited alongside, same era.
D. Bahdanau, K. H. Cho, and Y. Bengio, “Neural machine translation by jointly learning to align and translate,” International Conference on Learning Representations , 15 pages, 2015
2015
Cited alongside, same era.
E. Pavlick, P. Rastogi, J. Ganitkevitch, B. V. Durme, and C. Callison-Burch, “PPDB 2.0: Better paraphrase ranking, fine-grained entailment relations, word embeddings, and style classification,” Proc. 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing , pp. 425-430, 2015
2015
Cited alongside, same era.
L. Huo, and Y. Xiao, “Synonym substitution-based steganographic algorithm with vector distance of two-gram dependency collocations,” IEEE International Conference on Computer and Communications , pp. 2776-2780, 2016
2016
Cited alongside, same era.
R. Sennrich, B. Haddow, and A. Birch, “Neural machine translation of rare words with subword units,” Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics , pp. 1715-1725, 2016
2016
Cited alongside, same era.
2016
Cited alongside, same era.
A. Wilson, and A. D. Ker, “Avoiding detection on twitter: embedding strategies for linguistic steganography,” In: Electronic Imaging, Media Watermarking, Security, and Forensics , pp. 1-9, 2016
2016
Cited alongside, same era.
A. C. Belkina, C. O. Ciccolella, R. Anno, R. Halpert, J. Spidlen, and J. E. Snyder-Cappione, “Automated optimized parameters for t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding improve visualization and analysis of large datasets,” Nature Communications , vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1-12, 2019
2019
Later among the works it cites.
A. Radford, J. Wu, R. Child, D. Luan, D. Amodei, and I. Sutskever, “Language models are unsupervised multitask learners,” OpenAI Blog , vol. 1, no. 8, p. 9, 2019
2019
Later among the works it cites.
H. Kang, H. Wu, and X. Zhang, “Generative text steganography based on LSTM network and attention mechanism with keywords,” Proc. IS&T Electronic Imaging, Media Watermarking, Security and Forensics , pp. 291-1-291-8(8), 2020
2020
Later among the works it cites.
2020
Later among the works it cites.
Y. Chen, H. Wang, H. Wu, Z. Wu, T. Li, and A. Malik, “Adaptive video data hiding through cost assignment and STCs,” IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing , vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 1320-1335, 2021
2021
Later among the works it cites.
Y. Guo, H. Wu, and X. Zhang, “Steganographic visual story with mutual-perceived joint attention,” EURASIP Journal on Image and Video Processing , vol. 2021, no. 1, pp. 1-14, 2021
2021
Later among the works it cites.
Z. Yang, S. Zhang, Y. Hu, Z. Hu, and Y. Huang, “VAE-Stega: Linguistic steganography based on variational auto-encoder,” IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security , vol. 16, pp. 880-895, 2021
2021
Later among the works it cites.
Z. Yang, L. Xiang, S. Zhang, X. Sun, and Y. Huang, “Linguistic generative steganography with enhanced cognitive-imperceptibility,” IEEE Signal Processing Letters , vol. 28, pp. 409-413, 2021
2021
Later among the works it cites.
2021
Later among the works it cites.
H. Wu, B. Yi, F. Ding, G. Feng, and X. Zhang, “Linguistic steganalysis with graph neural networks,” IEEE Signal Processing Letters , vol. 28, pp. 558-562, 2021
2021
Later among the works it cites.
X. Zhou, W. Peng, B. Yang, J. Wen, Y. Xue, and P. Zhong, “Linguistic steganography based on adaptive probability distribution,” IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing , Early Access, 2021
2021
Later among the works it cites.
W. Peng, J. Zhang, Y. Xue, and Z. Yang, “Real-time text steganalysis based on multi-stage transfer learning,” IEEE Signal Processing Letters , vol. 28, pp. 1510-1514, 2021
2021
Later among the works it cites.