Built on

H. S. Reall and J. E. Santos, “Higher derivative corrections to Kerr black hole thermodynamics,” JHEP
Original
1901
Earlier work this paper cites.
B. Bellazzini, M. Lewandowski, and J. Serra, “Amplitudes’ Positivity, Weak Gravity Conjecture, and Modified Gravity,” arXiv:1902.03250 [hep-th]
Original
1902
Earlier work this paper cites.
C. Cheung, J. Liu, and G. N. Remmen, “Entropy Bounds on Effective Field Theory from Rotating Dyonic Black Holes,” Phys. Rev
Original
1903
Earlier work this paper cites.
A. M. Charles, “The Weak Gravity Conjecture, RG Flows, and Supersymmetry,” arXiv:1906.07734 [hep-th]
Original
1906
Earlier work this paper cites.
P. A. Cano, T. Ortín, and P. F. Ramírez, “On the extremality bound of stringy black holes,” JHEP
Original
1909
Earlier work this paper cites.
G. Goon and R. Penco, “Universal Relation between Corrections to Entropy and Extremality,” Phys. Rev. Lett
Original
1909
Earlier work this paper cites.
G. J. Loges, T. Noumi, and G. Shiu, “Thermodynamics of 4D Dilatonic Black Holes and the Weak Gravity Conjecture,” Phys. Rev. D
Original
1909
Earlier work this paper cites.
P. A. Cano, S. Chimento, R. Linares, T. Ortín, and P. F. Ramírez, “ α ′ \alpha^{\prime} corrections of Reissner-Nordström black holes,” JHEP
Original
1910
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. Deser and P. van Nieuwenhuizen, “One Loop Divergences of Quantized Einstein-Maxwell Fields,” Phys. Rev. D
1974
Earlier work this paper cites.
P. van Nieuwenhuizen and J. A. M. Vermaseren, “One Loop Divergences in the Quantum Theory of Supergravity,” Phys. Lett. B
1976
Earlier work this paper cites.
G. ’t Hooft and M. J. G. Veltman, “Scalar One Loop Integrals,” Nucl. Phys. B
1979
Earlier work this paper cites.
D. J. Gross and E. Witten, “Superstring Modifications of Einstein’s Equations,” Nucl. Phys
1986
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. B. Giddings, “Black holes and massive remnants,” Phys. Rev
1992
Earlier work this paper cites.
D. Garfinkle, G. T. Horowitz, and A. Strominger, “Charged black holes in string theory,” Phys. Rev. D
1992
Earlier work this paper cites.
C. F. E. Holzhey and F. Wilczek, “Black holes as elementary particles,” Nucl. Phys. B
1992
Earlier work this paper cites.

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Z. Bern, L. J. Dixon, and D. A. Kosower, “Dimensionally regulated one loop integrals,” Phys. Lett. B
1993
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Original

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2007
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2008
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N. Arkani-Hamed, F. Cachazo, and J. Kaplan, “What is the Simplest Quantum Field Theory?,” JHEP
Original
2010
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N. Arkani-Hamed, T.-C. Huang, and Y.-T. Huang, “The EFT-hedron,” JHEP
Original
2012
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I. Huet, M. Rausch de Traubenberg, and C. Schubert, “The Euler-Heisenberg Lagrangian Beyond One Loop,” Int. J. Mod. Phys. Conf. Ser
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2021

Causality, Unitarity, and the Weak Gravity Conjecture

Arkani-Hamed, Nima, Huang, Yu-tin, Liu, Jin-Yu et al.

Understand

We consider the shift of charge-to-mass ratio for extremal black holes in the context of effective field theory, motivated by the Weak Gravity Conjecture.

We constrain extremality corrections in different regimes subject to unitarity and causality constraints.
In the asymptotic IR, we demonstrate that for any supersymmetric theory in flat space, and for all minimally coupled theories, logarithmic running at one loop pushes the Wilson coefficient of certain four-derivative operators to be larger at lower energies, guaranteeing the existence of sufficiently large black holes with $Q>M$.
We identify two exceptional cases of nonsupersymmetric theories involving large numbers of light states and Planck-scale nonminimal couplings, in which the sign of the running is reversed, leading to black holes with negative corrections to $Q/M$ in the deep IR, but argue that these do not rule out extremal black holes as the requisite charged states for the WGC.

Built on

H. S. Reall and J. E. Santos, “Higher derivative corrections to Kerr black hole thermodynamics,” JHEP
Original
1901
Earlier work this paper cites.
B. Bellazzini, M. Lewandowski, and J. Serra, “Amplitudes’ Positivity, Weak Gravity Conjecture, and Modified Gravity,” arXiv:1902.03250 [hep-th]
Original
1902
Earlier work this paper cites.
C. Cheung, J. Liu, and G. N. Remmen, “Entropy Bounds on Effective Field Theory from Rotating Dyonic Black Holes,” Phys. Rev
Original
1903
Earlier work this paper cites.
A. M. Charles, “The Weak Gravity Conjecture, RG Flows, and Supersymmetry,” arXiv:1906.07734 [hep-th]
Original
1906
Earlier work this paper cites.
P. A. Cano, T. Ortín, and P. F. Ramírez, “On the extremality bound of stringy black holes,” JHEP
Original
1909
Earlier work this paper cites.
G. Goon and R. Penco, “Universal Relation between Corrections to Entropy and Extremality,” Phys. Rev. Lett
Original
1909
Earlier work this paper cites.
G. J. Loges, T. Noumi, and G. Shiu, “Thermodynamics of 4D Dilatonic Black Holes and the Weak Gravity Conjecture,” Phys. Rev. D
Original
1909
Earlier work this paper cites.
P. A. Cano, S. Chimento, R. Linares, T. Ortín, and P. F. Ramírez, “ α ′ \alpha^{\prime} corrections of Reissner-Nordström black holes,” JHEP
Original
1910
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. Deser and P. van Nieuwenhuizen, “One Loop Divergences of Quantized Einstein-Maxwell Fields,” Phys. Rev. D
1974
Earlier work this paper cites.
P. van Nieuwenhuizen and J. A. M. Vermaseren, “One Loop Divergences in the Quantum Theory of Supergravity,” Phys. Lett. B
1976
Earlier work this paper cites.
G. ’t Hooft and M. J. G. Veltman, “Scalar One Loop Integrals,” Nucl. Phys. B
1979
Earlier work this paper cites.
D. J. Gross and E. Witten, “Superstring Modifications of Einstein’s Equations,” Nucl. Phys
1986
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. B. Giddings, “Black holes and massive remnants,” Phys. Rev
1992
Earlier work this paper cites.
D. Garfinkle, G. T. Horowitz, and A. Strominger, “Charged black holes in string theory,” Phys. Rev. D
1992
Earlier work this paper cites.
C. F. E. Holzhey and F. Wilczek, “Black holes as elementary particles,” Nucl. Phys. B
1992
Earlier work this paper cites.

Similar

Z. Bern, L. J. Dixon, and D. A. Kosower, “Dimensionally regulated one loop integrals,” Phys. Lett. B
1993
Cited alongside, same era.
Z. Bern, L. J. Dixon, and D. A. Kosower, “Dimensionally regulated pentagon integrals,” Nucl. Phys. B
1994
Cited alongside, same era.
D. C. Dunbar and P. S. Norridge, “Infinities within graviton scattering amplitudes,” Class. Quant. Grav
1997
Cited alongside, same era.
T. Banks, “Cosmological breaking of supersymmetry?,” Int. J. Mod. Phys. A
2001
Cited alongside, same era.
R. Bousso, “The holographic principle,” Rev. Mod. Phys
2002
Cited alongside, same era.
S. Andriolo, T.-C. Huang, T. Noumi, H. Ooguri, and G. Shiu, “Duality and axionic weak gravity,” Phys. Rev. D
Original